Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 12, 2535-2542, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Myelodysplastic syndrome as a late complication following autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
RM Stone, D Neuberg, R Soiffer, T Takvorian, M Whelan, SN Rabinowe, JC Aster, P Leavitt, P Mauch and AS Freedman
Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.
PURPOSE: To determine the incidence, natural history, and risk factors
associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) occurring as a late
complication following autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients
with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the
charts of all 262 patients who underwent autologous bone marrow
transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute from 1982 through 1991. Although patients received a variety of
treatments before they were eligible for transplant, identical
myeloablative therapy (cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/d for 2 days plus
total-body irradiation twice daily for 3 days) was administered in each
case. By collecting data on pretransplant and early posttransplant
variables, we attempted to identify risk factors for the development of
MDS. RESULTS: The crude overall incidence of posttransplant MDS or acute
myeloid leukemia (AML) was 7.6%. The actuarial risk at 6 years was 18% +/-
9%. The median time of onset was 31 months (range, 10 to 101) after
transplant or 69 months (range, 27 to 141) after initial treatment for
lymphoma. Pretreatment variables predictive for the development of MDS
(univariate analysis) included prolonged interval between initial treatment
and the transplant procedure (P = .003), increased duration of exposure to
chemotherapy (P = .019) or to alkylating agents (P = .045), and use of
radiation therapy (P = .032) or pelvic radiation (P = .003) before
transplant. CONCLUSION: MDS is a potential complication of autologous bone
marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; bone marrow stem-cell
damage sustained before the transplant may be the most important risk
factor.

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