Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 14, 7-17, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Interferon alfa-2b adjuvant therapy of high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684
JM Kirkwood, MH Strawderman, MS Ernstoff, TJ Smith, EC Borden and RH Blum
Division of Medical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA.
PURPOSE: Interferon alfa-2b (IFN alpha-2b) exhibits antitumor activity in
metastatic melanoma and on this basis has been evaluated as an adjuvant
therapy following surgery for deep primary (T4) or regionally metastatic
(N1) melanoma. METHODS: A randomized controlled study of IFN alpha-2b
(Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) administered at maximum- tolerated doses
of 20 MU/m2/d intravenously (i.v.) for 1 month and 10 MU/m2 three times per
week subcutaneously (SC) for 48 weeks versus observation, was conducted by
the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) in 287 patients. RESULTS: A
significant prolongation of relapse- free survival (P = .0023, one-sided)
and prolongation of overall survival (P = .0237, one-sided) was observed
with IFN alpha-2b therapy in this trial, which is now mature with a median
follow-up time of 6.9 years. The impact of treatment on relapse rate is
most pronounced early during the treatment interval. The overall benefit of
treatment in this trial was analyzed stratified by tumor burden and the
presence or absence of microscopic nonpalpable and palpable regional lymph
node metastasis. The benefit of therapy with IFN alpha-2b was greatest
among node-positive strata. Toxicity of IFN alpha-2b required dose
modification in the majority of patients, but treatment at > or = 80% of
the scheduled dose was feasible in the majority of patients through the IV
phase of treatment, and for more than 3 months of SC maintenance therapy.
Discontinuation of treatment due to toxicity was infrequent after the
fourth month of therapy. CONCLUSION: IFN alpha-2b prolongs the relapse-free
interval and overall survival of high-risk resected melanoma patients. The
increment in median disease-free survival (from 1 to 1.7 years) and overall
survival (from 2.8 to 3.8 years) that results from this therapy is
associated with a 42% improvement in the fraction of patients who are
continuously disease-free after treatment with IFN (from 26% to 37%) in
comparison to observation. IFN alpha-2b is the first agent to show a
significant benefit in relapse-free and overall survival of high-risk
melanoma patients in a randomized controlled trial.
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A. Hauschild, M. Weichenthal, B.-R. Balda, J. C. Becker, H. H. Wolff, W. Tilgen, K.-W. Schulte, J. Ring, D. Schadendorf, S. Lischner, et al.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Interferon Alfa-2b and Interleukin-2 as Adjuvant Treatment for Resected Intermediate- and High-Risk Primary Melanoma Without Clinically Detectable Node Metastasis
J. Clin. Oncol.,
August 1, 2003;
21(15):
2883 - 2888.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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