Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 15, 2996-3018, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

ARTICLES

Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of unresectable non- small-cell lung cancer. Adopted on May 16, 1997 by the American Society of Clinical Oncology

PURPOSE: The primary objective was to determine clinical practice guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and follow-up care of patients with surgically unresectable stage III and IV non-small- cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These guidelines are intended for use by oncologists in the care of patients outside of clinical trials. METHODS: An expert multidisciplinary Panel reviewed pertinent information from the published literature through April 1997; certain investigators were contacted for more recent and, in some cases, unpublished information. A computerized search was performed of MEDLINE data; directed searches based on the bibliographies of primary articles were also performed. Values for levels/grades of evidence were assigned by expert reviewers and approved by the Panel. Expert consensus was used for issues in which published data were insufficient. The options considered included the appropriate diagnostic evaluation of patients; the role of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery; and strategies for follow-up care and lifestyle changes. The significant health outcomes considered in making the clinical practice guidelines included survival (disease-free and overall), quality of life, toxicity (both short- and long-term), and cost-effectiveness. An intervention or strategy was assigned benefit if it led to favorable changes in the outcomes listed. Harms considered were inappropriate disease management and excess cost without definable benefit. Costs were considered but were never the sole determinant for a recommendation. The guidelines underwent external review by selected physicians and a cancer quality-of-life expert, by Health Services Research Committee members, and by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Board of Directors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In patients without evidence of extrathoracic cancer, a chest x-ray and chest computed axial tomography (CAT) scan are recommended to stage locoregional disease, with biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes found on CAT scan to be greater than 1 cm in shortest transverse diameter. Pretreatment bone scan and head CAT scan are recommended only when signs or symptoms of disease are present. If a patient is otherwise potentially resectable, a biopsy should be performed of a radiographically documented isolated adrenal or hepatic mass to rule out metastatic disease. Chemotherapy, ideally a platinum- based regimen, is appropriate for selected patients who have a good performance status with both unresectable, locally advanced, and metastatic NSCLC. A detrimental effect on survival was observed with older alkylating agent-based regimens. In patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC, two or more cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy with or followed by radiation has been proven to enhance survival; ongoing maintenance chemotherapy is of unproven benefit. Chemotherapy should be administered for no more than eight cycles in patients with stage III or IV NSCLC. Initial treatment with an investigational agent is appropriate, provided a standard regimen is then given if the disease does not respond after two cycles. Delaying chemotherapy until symptoms develop may negate the survival benefits of treatment. There is no current evidence that either confirms or refutes that second-line chemotherapy improves survival in patients with nonresponding or progressive NSCLC. NSCLC histologic type is not an important prognostic factor in these patients, and the role of newer prognostic factors (eg, p53 mutation) in clinical decision-making is investigational. Radiation should be included as part of the standard treatment for selected patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC, whose performance status and pulmonary function are adequate. Definitive-dose thoracic radiotherapy should be no less than 60 Gy in 1.8- to 2-Gy fractions. Local symptoms from primary or metastatic NSCLC can be relieved by judicious use of radiotherapy. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Facebook    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. Kaira, N. Oriuchi, K. Shimizu, H. Tominaga, N. Yanagitani, N. Sunaga, T. Ishizuka, Y. Kanai, M. Mori, and K. Endo 18F-FMT Uptake Seen Within Primary Cancer on PET Helps Predict Outcome of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2009; 50(11): 1770 - 1776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Morita, I. Okamoto, K. Kobayashi, K. Yamazaki, H. Asahina, A. Inoue, K. Hagiwara, N. Sunaga, N. Yanagitani, T. Hida, et al. Combined Survival Analysis of Prospective Clinical Trials of Gefitinib for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Mutations Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2009; 15(13): 4493 - 4498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Tassinari, E. Scarpi, S. Sartori, E. Tamburini, C. Santelmo, P. Tombesi, and L. Lazzari-Agli Second-Line Treatments in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review of Literature and Metaanalysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Chest, June 1, 2009; 135(6): 1596 - 1609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z.-H. Zhu, B.-Y. Sun, Y. Ma, J.-Y. Shao, H. Long, X. Zhang, J.-H. Fu, L.-J. Zhang, X.-D. Su, Q.-L. Wu, et al. Three Immunomarker Support Vector Machines-Based Prognostic Classifiers for Stage IB Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2009; 27(7): 1091 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-P. DELORD, C. PUOZZO, F. LEFRESNE, and R. BUGAT Combination Chemotherapy of Vinorelbine and Cisplatin: A Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study in Patients with Metastatic Solid Tumors Anticancer Res, February 1, 2009; 29(2): 553 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Gridelli, P. Maione, A. Rossi, M. L. Ferrara, M. A. Bareschino, C. Schettino, P. C. Sacco, and F. Ciardiello Potential Treatment Options After First-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced NSCLC: Maintenance Treatment or Early Second-Line? Oncologist, February 1, 2009; 14(2): 137 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. C. Mack, M. W. Redman, K. Chansky, S. K. Williamson, N. C. Farneth, P. N. Lara Jr, W. A. Franklin, Q.-T. Le, J. J. Crowley, and D. R. Gandara Lower Osteopontin Plasma Levels Are Associated With Superior Outcomes in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: SWOG Study S0003 J. Clin. Oncol., October 10, 2008; 26(29): 4771 - 4776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Fairchild, K. Harris, E. Barnes, R. Wong, S. Lutz, A. Bezjak, P. Cheung, and E. Chow Palliative Thoracic Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review J. Clin. Oncol., August 20, 2008; 26(24): 4001 - 4011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Somerfield, K. Einhaus, K. L. Hagerty, M. C. Brouwers, J. Seidenfeld, and G. H. Lyman American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines: Opportunities and Challenges J. Clin. Oncol., August 20, 2008; 26(24): 4022 - 4026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Okamoto, T. Nishimura, M. Miyazaki, H. Yoshioka, A. Kubo, K. Takeda, N. Ebi, S. Sugawara, N. Katakami, M. Fukuoka, et al. Phase II Study of Combination Therapy with S-1 and Irinotecan for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group 3505 Clin. Cancer Res., August 15, 2008; 14(16): 5250 - 5254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Socinski and T. E. Stinchcombe Duration of First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Less Is More in the Era of Effective Subsequent Therapies J. Clin. Oncol., November 20, 2007; 25(33): 5155 - 5157. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L.-F. de Geus-Oei, H. F.M. van der Heijden, E. P. Visser, R. Hermsen, B. A. van Hoorn, J. N.H. Timmer-Bonte, A. T. Willemsen, J. Pruim, F. H.M. Corstens, P. F.M. Krabbe, et al. Chemotherapy Response Evaluation with 18F-FDG PET in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer J. Nucl. Med., October 1, 2007; 48(10): 1592 - 1598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Gridelli, C. Langer, P. Maione, A. Rossi, and S. E. Schild Lung Cancer in the Elderly J. Clin. Oncol., May 10, 2007; 25(14): 1898 - 1907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Nahmias, W. T. Hanna, L. M. Wahl, M. J. Long, K. F. Hubner, and D. W. Townsend Time Course of Early Response to Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with 18F-FDG PET/CT J. Nucl. Med., May 1, 2007; 48(5): 744 - 751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Sculier, J. Lafitte, J Lecomte, C. Alexopoulos, O Van Cutsem, V Giner, A Efremidis, M. Berchier, T Collon, A. Meert, et al. A phase III randomised trial comparing sequential chemotherapy using cisplatin-based regimen and paclitaxel to cisplatin-based chemotherapy alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer Ann. Onc., April 2, 2007; (2007) mdm084v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. B. van den Hout, G. W. P. M. Kramer, E. M. Noordijk, and J.-W. H. Leer Cost-Utility Analysis of Short- Versus Long-Course Palliative Radiotherapy in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, December 20, 2006; 98(24): 1786 - 1794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Vergnenegre, C. Combescure, P. Fournel, S. Bayle, C. Gimenez, P. J. Souquet, H. Lena, M. Perol, J. Y. Delhoume, and GFPC (Groupe Francais de Pneumo-Cancerologie) Cost-minimization analysis of a phase III trial comparing concurrent versus sequential radiochemotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (GFPC-GLOT 95-01) Ann. Onc., August 1, 2006; 17(8): 1269 - 1274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Green, G. M. Manikhas, S. Orlov, B. Afanasyev, A. M. Makhson, P. Bhar, and M. J. Hawkins Abraxane(R), a novel Cremophor(R)-free, albumin-bound particle form of paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer Ann. Onc., August 1, 2006; 17(8): 1263 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Neerkin and J Riley Ethical aspects of palliative care in lung cancer and end stage lung disease Chronic Respiratory Disease, April 1, 2006; 3(2): 93 - 101. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Watine, B. Friedberg, E. Nagy, R. Onody, W. Oosterhuis, P. S. Bunting, J.-C. Charet, and A. R. Horvath Conflict between Guideline Methodologic Quality and Recommendation Validity: A Potential Problem for Practitioners Clin. Chem., January 1, 2006; 52(1): 65 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. F. Munden, S. S. Swisher, C. W. Stevens, and D. J. Stewart Imaging of the Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Radiology, December 1, 2005; 237(3): 803 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Hoekstra, S. G. Stroobants, E. F. Smit, J. Vansteenkiste, H. van Tinteren, P. E. Postmus, R. P. Golding, B. Biesma, F. J.H.M. Schramel, N. van Zandwijk, et al. Prognostic Relevance of Response Evaluation Using [18F]-2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., November 20, 2005; 23(33): 8362 - 8370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. K. Edwards, M. L. Brown, P. A. Wingo, H. L. Howe, E. Ward, L. A. G. Ries, D. Schrag, P. M. Jamison, A. Jemal, X. C. Wu, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2002, Featuring Population-Based Trends in Cancer Treatment J Natl Cancer Inst, October 5, 2005; 97(19): 1407 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Kent, P. Korn, J. L. Port, P. C. Lee, N. K. Altorki, and R. J. Korst Cost Effectiveness of Chest Computed Tomography After Lung Cancer Resection: A Decision Analysis Model Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2005; 80(4): 1215 - 1223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Butts, N. Murray, A. Maksymiuk, G. Goss, E. Marshall, D. Soulieres, Y. Cormier, P. Ellis, A. Price, R. Sawhney, et al. Randomized Phase IIB Trial of BLP25 Liposome Vaccine in Stage IIIB and IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., September 20, 2005; 23(27): 6674 - 6681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. X. Ma, S. Nair, S. Thomas, S. J. Mandrekar, D. A. Nikcevich, K. M. Rowland, T. R. Fitch, H. E. Windschitl, S. L. Hillman, S. E. Schild, et al. Randomized Phase II Trial of Three Schedules of Pemetrexed and Gemcitabine As Front-Line Therapy for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2005; 23(25): 5929 - 5937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Gridelli, M. Aapro, A. Ardizzoni, L. Balducci, F. De Marinis, K. Kelly, T. Le Chevalier, C. Manegold, F. Perrone, R. Rosell, et al. Treatment of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly: Results of an International Expert Panel J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2005; 23(13): 3125 - 3137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. A. Bunn Jr Platinums in Lung Cancer: Sufficient or Necessary? J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2005; 23(13): 2882 - 2883. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. D'Addario, M. Pintilie, N. B. Leighl, R. Feld, T. Cerny, and F. A. Shepherd Platinum-Based Versus Non-Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of the Published Literature J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2005; 23(13): 2926 - 2936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Matsui, T. Hirashima, T. Nitta, M. Kobayashi, Y. Ogata, M. Furukawa, S. Kudoh, N. Yoshimura, T. Mukohara, S. Yamauchi, et al. A Phase I/II Study Comparing Regimen Schedules of Gemcitabine and Docetaxel in Japanese Patients with Stage IIIB/IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2005; 35(4): 181 - 187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Baka, L. Ashcroft, H. Anderson, M. Lind, P. Burt, R. Stout, I. Dowd, D. Smith, P. Lorigan, and N. Thatcher Randomized Phase II Study of Two Gemcitabine Schedules for Patients With Impaired Performance Status (Karnofsky performance status <= 70) and Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2005; 23(10): 2136 - 2144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Hoang, R. Xu, J. H. Schiller, P. Bonomi, and D. H. Johnson Clinical Model to Predict Survival in Chemonaive Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Third-Generation Chemotherapy Regimens Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Data J. Clin. Oncol., January 1, 2005; 23(1): 175 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. Stewart Update on the Role of Topotecan in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Oncologist, December 1, 2004; 9(suppl_6): 43 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. L. Potosky, S. Saxman, R. B. Wallace, and C. F. Lynch Population Variations in the Initial Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., August 15, 2004; 22(16): 3261 - 3268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Delbaldo, S. Michiels, N. Syz, J.-C. Soria, T. Le Chevalier, and J.-P. Pignon Benefits of Adding a Drug to a Single-Agent or a 2-Agent Chemotherapy Regimen in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis JAMA, July 28, 2004; 292(4): 470 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. E. Raez, P. A. Cassileth, J. J. Schlesselman, K. Sridhar, S. Padmanabhan, E. Z. Fisher, P. A. Baldie, and E. R. Podack Allogeneic Vaccination With a B7.1 HLA-A Gene-Modified Adenocarcinoma Cell Line in Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., July 15, 2004; 22(14): 2800 - 2807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Socinski, C. Zhang, J. E. Herndon II, R. O. Dillman, G. Clamon, E. Vokes, W. Akerley, J. Crawford, M. C. Perry, S. L. Seagren, et al. Combined modality trials of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: analysis of factors influencing survival and toxicity Ann. Onc., July 1, 2004; 15(7): 1033 - 1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Ichinose, Y. Nakai, S. Kudoh, H. Semba, S. Yoshida, T. Nukiwa, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamane, and H. Niitani Uracil/Tegafur Plus Cisplatin with Concurrent Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multi-institutional Phase II Trial Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2004; 10(13): 4369 - 4373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Tanaka, K. Takenaka, H. Oyanagi, T. Fujinaga, Y. Otake, K. Yanagihara, H. Ito, and H. Wada Skip mediastinal nodal metastases in non-small cell lung cancer Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., June 1, 2004; 25(6): 1114 - 1120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Trodella, P. Granone, S. Valente, S. Margaritora, G. Macis, A. Cesario, R. M. D'Angelillo, V. Valentini, G. M. Corbo, V. Porziella, et al. Neoadjuvant concurrent radiochemotherapy in locally advanced (IIIA-IIIB) non-small-cell lung cancer: long-term results according to downstaging Ann. Onc., March 1, 2004; 15(3): 389 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Rocha Lima, N. A. Rizvi, C. Zhang, J. E. Herndon 2nd, J. Crawford, R. Govindan, G. W. King, and M. R. Green Randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine plus irinotecan or docetaxel in stage IIIB or stage IV NSCLC Ann. Onc., March 1, 2004; 15(3): 410 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Gridelli, A. Ardizzoni, T. Le Chevalier, C. Manegold, F. Perrone, N. Thatcher, N. van Zandwijk, M. Di Maio, O. Martelli, and F. De Marinis Treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with ECOG performance status 2: results of an European Experts Panel Ann. Onc., March 1, 2004; 15(3): 419 - 426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. G. Pfister, D. H. Johnson, C. G. Azzoli, W. Sause, T. J. Smith, S. Baker Jr, J. Olak, D. Stover, J. R. Strawn, A. T. Turrisi, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology Treatment of Unresectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Guideline: Update 2003 J. Clin. Oncol., January 15, 2004; 22(2): 330 - 353. [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Quoix, B. Lebeau, A. Depierre, A. Ducolone, D. Moro-Sibilot, B. Milleron, J. L. Breton, E. Lemarie, J. L. Pujol, J. M. Brechot, et al. Randomised, multicentre phase II study assessing two doses of docetaxel (75 or 100 mg/m2) as second-line monotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer Ann. Onc., January 1, 2004; 15(1): 38 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Jassem, P. Kosmidis, R. Ramlau, K. Zarogoulidis, L. Novakova, J. Breton, P.-L. Etienne, C. Seebacher, M. Grivaux, A. Ojala, et al. Oral vinorelbine in combination with cisplatin: a novel active regimen in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer Ann. Onc., November 1, 2003; 14(11): 1634 - 1639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Schiller Platin or No Platin? That Is the Question J. Clin. Oncol., August 15, 2003; 21(16): 3009 - 3010. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bottomley, F. Efficace, R. Thomas, V. Vanvoorden, and S. H. Ahmedzai Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Methodologic Issues in Randomized Controlled Trials J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2003; 21(15): 2982 - 2992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. J. Vogelzang, J. J. Rusthoven, J. Symanowski, C. Denham, E. Kaukel, P. Ruffie, U. Gatzemeier, M. Boyer, S. Emri, C. Manegold, et al. Phase III Study of Pemetrexed in Combination With Cisplatin Versus Cisplatin Alone in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma J. Clin. Oncol., July 15, 2003; 21(14): 2636 - 2644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. G. van Putten, A. Price, A. H. D. van der Leest, A. Gregor, F. A. Little, and H. J. M. Groen A Phase I Study of Gemcitabine with Concurrent Radiotherapy in Stage III, Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2003; 9(7): 2472 - 2477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Fukuoka, S. Yano, G. Giaccone, T. Tamura, K. Nakagawa, J.-Y. Douillard, Y. Nishiwaki, J. Vansteenkiste, S. Kudoh, D. Rischin, et al. Multi-Institutional Randomized Phase II Trial of Gefitinib for Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., June 15, 2003; 21(12): 2237 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B.T. Hennessy, E.O. Hanrahan, and O.S. Breathnach Chemotherapy Options for the Elderly Patient with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Oncologist, June 1, 2003; 8(3): 270 - 277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. H. Harpole, M. J. Kelley, G. Schreiber, E. M. Toloza, J. Kolimaga, and D. C. McCrory Assessment of the Scope and Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Lung Cancer Chest, January 1, 2003; 123 (2009): 7S - 20S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Jett, W. J. Scott, M. P. Rivera, and W. T. Sause Guidelines on Treatment of Stage IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Chest, January 1, 2003; 123 (2009): 221S - 225S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Socinski, D. E. Morris, G. A. Masters, and R. Lilenbaum Chemotherapeutic Management of Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Chest, January 1, 2003; 123 (2009): 226S - 243S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. L. Colice, J. Rubins, and M. Unger Follow-up and Surveillance of the Lung Cancer Patient Following Curative-Intent Therapy Chest, January 1, 2003; 123 (2009): 272S - 283S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Lorusso, E. Crucitta, N. Panza, N. Silvestris, M. Guida, F. Carpagnano, S. Mancarella, D. Sambiasi, and M. De Lena Phase I/II study of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy of non-small-cell lung cancer Ann. Onc., December 1, 2002; 13(12): 1862 - 1867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Guarino, C. J. Schneider, S. S. Grubbs, D. D. Biggs, A. L. Himelstein, K. Hogaboom, and S. Tilak A Dose-Escalation Study of Weekly Topotecan, Cisplatin, and Gemcitabine Front-Line Therapy in Patients with Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Oncologist, December 1, 2002; 7(6): 509 - 515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. C.M. Pitz, K. W. Maas, H. A. V. Swieten, A. Brutel de la Riviere, P. Hofman, and F. M.N.H. Schramel Surgery as part of combined modality treatment in stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2002; 74(1): 164 - 169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. S.K. Mok, B. Zee, A. Depierre, V. Westeel, B. Milleron, D. Moro-Sibilot, E. Quoix, D. Braun, and B. Lebeau Adequate Lymph Node Staging Is Fundamental to Comparative Study on Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., May 15, 2002; 20(10): 2604 - 2605. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Socinski, M. J. Schell, A. Peterman, K. Bakri, S. Yates, R. Gitten, P. Unger, J. Lee, J.-H. Lee, M. Tynan, et al. Phase III Trial Comparing a Defined Duration of Therapy Versus Continuous Therapy Followed by Second-Line Therapy in Advanced-Stage IIIB/IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2002; 20(5): 1335 - 1343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Shoji, F. Tanaka, K. Yanagihara, K. Inui, and H. Wada Phase II Study of Repeated Intrapleural Chemotherapy Using Implantable Access System for Management of Malignant Pleural Effusion Chest, March 1, 2002; 121(3): 821 - 824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G J M Herder, P Verboom, E F Smit, P C M van Velthoven, J H A M van den Bergh, C D Colder, I van Mansom, J C van Mourik, P E Postmus, G J J Teule, et al. Practice, efficacy and cost of staging suspected non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study in two Dutch hospitals Thorax, January 1, 2002; 57(1): 11 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Buccheri and D. Ferrigno Serum biomarkers facilitate the recognition of early- stage cancer and may guide the selection of surgical candidates: A study of carcinoembryonic antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen in patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 2001; 122(5): 891 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J G Edwards, D J R Duthie, and D A Waller Lobar volume reduction surgery: a method of increasing the lung cancer resection rate in patients with emphysema Thorax, October 1, 2001; 56(10): 791 - 795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bernard, O. Bouchot, O. Hagry, and J. P. Favre Risk analysis and long-term survival in patients undergoing resection of T4 lung cancer Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., August 1, 2001; 20(2): 344 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Smith and B. E. Hillner Ensuring Quality Cancer Care by the Use of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Critical Pathways J. Clin. Oncol., June 1, 2001; 19(11): 2886 - 2897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Tanaka, K. Yanagihara, Y. Otake, T. Yamada, T. Shoji, R. Miyahara, K. Inui, and H. Wada Prognostic factors in patients with resected pathologic (p-) T1-2N1M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., May 1, 2001; 19(5): 555 - 561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D. Brundage, D. Feldman-Stewart, R. Cosby, R. Gregg, P. Dixon, Y. Youssef, D. Davies, and W. J. Mackillop Phase I Study of a Decision Aid for Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2001; 19(5): 1326 - 1335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Robnett, M. Machtay, J. P. Stevenson, K. M. Algazy, and S. M. Hahn Factors Affecting the Risk of Brain Metastases After Definitive Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2001; 19(5): 1344 - 1349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Socinski, A. B. Sandler, L. L. Miller, P. K. Locker, C. K. Hanover, G. L. Elfring, V. K. Israel, N. Pirotta, and R. B. Natale Phase I Trial of the Combination of Irinotecan, Paclitaxel, and Carboplatin in Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., February 15, 2001; 19(4): 1078 - 1087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Tanaka, Y. Otake, T. Nakagawa, Y. Kawano, R. Miyahara, M. Li, K. Yanagihara, K. Inui, H. Oyanagi, T. Yamada, et al. Prognostic Significance of Polysialic Acid Expression in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cancer Res., February 1, 2001; 61(4): 1666 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. E. Vokes Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Oncologist, February 1, 2001; 6(2008): 25 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Tanaka, K. Yanagihara, Y. Otake, M. Li, R. Miyahara, H. Wada, and H. Ito Biological features and preoperative evaluation of mediastinal nodal status in non-small cell lung cancer Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2000; 70(6): 1832 - 1838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Huisman, E. F. Smit, G. Giaccone, and P. E. Postmus Second-Line Chemotherapy in Relapsing or Refractory Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2000; 18(21): 3722 - 3730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Tanaka, K. Yanagihara, Y. Otake, R. Miyahara, Y. Kawano, T. Nakagawa, T. Shoji, and H. Wada Surgery for non-small cell lung cancer: postoperative survival based on the revised tumor-node-metastasis classification and its time trend Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., August 1, 2000; 18(2): 147 - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Van Zandwijk, E. F. Smit, G. W. P. Kramer, F. Schramel, S. Gans, J. Festen, A. Termeer, N. J. J. Schlosser, C. Debruyne, D. Curran, et al. Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as Induction Regimen for Patients With Biopsy-Proven Stage IIIA N2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Group (EORTC 08955) J. Clin. Oncol., July 14, 2000; 18(14): 2658 - 2664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. T. Schroen, F. C. Detterbeck, R. Crawford, M. P. Rivera, and M. A. Socinski Beliefs Among Pulmonologists and Thoracic Surgeons in the Therapeutic Approach to Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Chest, July 1, 2000; 118(1): 129 - 137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-M. Chen, R.-P. Perng, K.-Y. Yang, T.-W. Liu, C.-M. Tsai, J. Ming-Liu, and J. Whang-Peng A Multicenter Phase II Trial of Vinorelbine Plus Gemcitabine in Previously Untreated Inoperable (Stage IIIB/IV) Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Chest, June 1, 2000; 117(6): 1583 - 1589. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Tanaka, Y. Otake, T. Nakagawa, Y. Kawano, R. Miyahara, M. Li, K. Yanagihara, J. Nakayama, I. Fujimoto, K. Ikenaka, et al. Expression of Polysialic Acid and STX, a Human Polysialyltransferase, Is Correlated with Tumor Progression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cancer Res., June 1, 2000; 60(11): 3072 - 3080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Glantz, B. F. Cole, P. A. Forsyth, L. D. Recht, P. Y. Wen, M. C. Chamberlain, S. A. Grossman, and J. G. Cairncross Practice parameter: Anticonvulsant prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology, May 23, 2000; 54(10): 1886 - 1893. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. C. Earle, L. N. Venditti, P. J. Neumann, R. D. Gelber, M. C. Weinstein, A. L. Potosky, and J. C. Weeks Who Gets Chemotherapy for Metastatic Lung Cancer? Chest, May 1, 2000; 117(5): 1239 - 1246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. D. Sanders, R. F. Nease JR, and D. K. Owens Design and Pilot Evaluation of a System to Develop Computer-based Site-specific Practice Guidelines from Decision Models Med Decis Making, April 1, 2000; 20(2): 145 - 159. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. A. Bunn Jr, J. Mault, and K. Kelly Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer : A Time for Reassessment? Chest, April 1, 2000; 117 (2009): 119S - 122S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. H. Johnson Evolution of Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer : A Historical Perspective and The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Experience Chest, April 1, 2000; 117 (2009): 133S - 137S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Costantini, I. J Higginson, C. C S Farsides, F. Toscani, S. Wilkinson, T. Beynon, V. Lidstone, C. Sinnott, M. Richards, J. Watine, et al. Managing patients with lung cancer BMJ, February 5, 2000; 320(7231): 379 - 379. [Full Text]

				J. E. Groopman and L. M. Itri Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia in Adults: Incidence and Treatment J Natl Cancer Inst, October 6, 1999; 91(19): 1616 - 1634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. F. DeVore, D. H. Johnson, J. Crawford, J. Garst, I. W. Dimery, J. Eckardt, S. G. Eckhardt, G. L. Elfring, L. J. Schaaf, C. K. Hanover, et al. Phase II Study of Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin in Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 1999; 17(9): 2710 - 2710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Tanaka, Y. Kawano, M. Li, T. Takata, R. Miyahara, K. Yanagihara, Y. Ohtake, T. Fukuse, and H. Wada Prognostic Significance of Apoptotic Index in Completely Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 1999; 17(9): 2728 - 2728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Crino, A. M. Mosconi, G. Scagliotti, G. Selvaggi, S. Novello, M. Rinaldi, M. Della Giulia, C. Gridelli, A. Rossi, C. Calandri, et al. Gemcitabine as Second-Line Treatment for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Trial J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 1999; 17(7): 2081 - 2081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Shoji, M. Toda, K. Suzuki, H. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, Y. Yoshiike, T. Ogura, Y. Watanuki, H. Nishiyama, and S. Odagiri Insufficient Effectiveness of 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonists Due to Oral Morphine Administration in Patients With Cisplatin-Induced Emesis J. Clin. Oncol., June 1, 1999; 17(6): 1926 - 1926. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Saijo, X. Hong, M. Tanaka, R. Tazawa, S. Q. Liu, K. Saijo, T. Ohno, K. Koike, K. Ohkuda, K. Satoh, et al. Autologous High-Killing Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes against Human Lung Cancer Are Induced Using Interleukin (IL)-1{beta}, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6: Possible Involvement of Dendritic Cells Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 1999; 5(5): 1203 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Sauter, A. J. Wozniak, and G. Giaccone Chemotherapy of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ""Those Who Cannot Remember the Past Are Condemned to Repeat It"" J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 1999; 17(2): 730 - 730. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Smith and K. Swisher Telling the Truth About Terminal Cancer JAMA, June 3, 1998; 279(21): 1746 - 1748. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Ornstein and J. R. Rigas Taxotere: Clinical Trials in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Oncologist, April 1, 1998; 3(2): 86 - 93. [Abstract] [Full Text]