Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 16, 1188-1196, Copyright © 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Health-related quality of life in the general Norwegian population assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality-of-Life Questionnaire: the QLQ=C30 (+ 3)
MJ Hjermstad, PM Fayers, K Bjordal and S Kaasa
Norwegian Cancer Society/Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo. mlhjerm@online.no
PURPOSE: To obtain reference data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
for the functional and symptom scales and single items of the European
Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality- of-Life
Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30 [+ 3]) in a representative sample of the
Norwegian general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomly selected
sample of 3,000 people from the Norwegian population, aged 18 to 93 years,
who represent geographic diversity, took part in this postal survey. The
EORTC QLQ-C30 (+ 3) and a questionnaire about demographic data and health
were sent by mail. A new questionnaire package was sent as a reminder after
3 weeks. RESULTS: The survey yielded a high response rate with 1,965 of
2,892 eligible persons responding (68%). There was a low amount of missing
data (1.8%). Internal consistency was highly satisfactory and yielded
Cronbach's alpha coefficients greater than 0.70 for all but two functional
scales and one symptom scale. The sensitivity of the questionnaire was
shown by the excellent discrimination between age and sex groups. Clinical
validity was shown by the distinct differences according to age and
sociodemographic characteristics. Women reported lower functional status
and global quality of life (mean scale scores from 71.7 to 91.0) than men
(mean scale scores from 75.4 to 94.4), and also more symptoms and problems.
This was remarkably consistent across age groups, as was a decline in
functional status with an increase in age. CONCLUSION: This is the first
study that presented reference data from the EORTC QLQ-C30 (+ 3) in a
sample from a general population and seems to provide valid measures of
HRQOL within different age groups. The results may serve as a guideline for
clinicians when interpreting HRQOL in their own groups of patients, and
contributes to a better understanding of the significance of mean scores
and their clinical relevance.
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