This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a colleague Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Save to my personal folders Download to citation manager Rights & Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kirkwood, J. M. Articles by Blum, R. H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kirkwood, J. M. Articles by Blum, R. H. Social Bookmarking                            What's this?

High- and Low-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in High-Risk Melanoma: First Analysis of Intergroup Trial E1690/S9111/C9190

From the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Melanoma Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Data Management, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Coordinating Center, Brookline, MA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lutheran General Hospital, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, NJ; and Department of Medicine, Section of Oncology, St Vincent’s Hospital and Medical Center, New York, NY.

Address reprint requests to John M. Kirkwood, MD, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582; email jmk{at}jimmy.harvard.edu © 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. 0732-183X/0-2000/00-1

PURPOSE: Pivotal trial E1684 of adjuvant high-dose interferon alfa-2b (IFN2b) therapy in high-risk melanoma patients demonstrated a significant relapse-free and overall survival (RFS and OS) benefit compared with observation (Obs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, three-arm, intergroup trial evaluated the efficacy of high-dose IFN2b (HDI) for 1 year and low-dose IFN2b (LDI) for 2 years versus Obs in high-risk (stage IIB and III) melanoma with RFS and OS end points.

RESULTS: A total of 642 patients were enrolled (608 patients eligible), of whom a majority (75%) had nodal metastasis (50% had nodal recurrence). Unlike E1684, E1690 allowed entry of patients with T4 (> 4 mm) deep primary tumors, regardless of nodal dissection, and 25% of the patients entered onto this trial had deep primary tumors (compared with 11% in E1684). At 52 months’ median follow-up, HDI demonstrated an RFS benefit exceeding that of LDI compared with Obs. The 5-year estimated RFS rates for the HDI, LDI, and Obs arms were 44%, 40%, and 35%, respectively. The hazards ratio for the intent-to-treat analysis of HDI versus Obs was 1.28 (P₂ = .05); for LDI versus Obs, it was 1.19 (P₂ = .17). By Cox analysis, the impact of HDI on RFS achieved significance (P₂ = .03). The RFS benefit was equivalent for node-negative and node-positive patients. Neither HDI nor LDI has demonstrated an OS benefit compared with Obs at this time. A major improvement in the median OS of patients in the E1690 Obs arm was noted in comparison with E1684 (6 years v 2.8 years). An analysis of salvage therapy for patients who relapsed on E1690 demonstrated that a significantly larger proportion of patients in the Obs arm received IFN-containing salvage therapy compared with the HDI arm; this therapy was unavailable to patients during E1684, and patients with undissected regional nodes were not included in E1684. This study did not specify therapy at recurrence. Analysis of treatments received at recurrence demonstrated significantly more frequent use of IFN2b at relapse from Obs than from HDI, which may have confounded interpretation of the survival benefit of assigned treatments in E1690.

CONCLUSION: The results of the intergroup E1690 trial demonstrate an RFS benefit of IFN2b that is dose-dependent and significant for HDI by Cox multivariable analysis.

J.M.K., J.I., T.J.S., U.R., M.S., and R.H.B. are affiliated with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. V.K.S. and L.E.F. are affiliated with the Southwest Oncology Group. J.R. and M.S.E. are affiliated with Cancer and Leukemia Group B.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Facebook    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. Glaspy, A. Ribas, and B. Chmielowski Interferon Alfa in the Postsurgical Management of High-Risk Melanoma: Is It Worth It? J. Clin. Oncol., June 20, 2009; 27(18): 2896 - 2897. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Pectasides, U. Dafni, D. Bafaloukos, D. Skarlos, A. Polyzos, D. Tsoutsos, H. Kalofonos, G. Fountzilas, P. Panagiotou, G. Kokkalis, et al. Randomized Phase III Study of 1 Month Versus 1 Year of Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in Patients With Resected High-Risk Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., February 20, 2009; 27(6): 939 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Hilari, C. Mangas, L. Xi, C. Paradelo, C. Ferrandiz, S. J. Hughes, C. Yueh, I. Altomare, W. E. Gooding, and T. E. Godfrey Molecular Staging of Pathologically Negative Sentinel Lymph Nodes from Melanoma Patients Using Multimarker, Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Ann. Surg. Oncol., January 1, 2009; 16(1): 177 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Tarhini, J. Stuckert, S. Lee, C. Sander, and J. M. Kirkwood Prognostic Significance of Serum S100B Protein in High-Risk Surgically Resected Melanoma Patients Participating in Intergroup Trial ECOG 1694 J. Clin. Oncol., January 1, 2009; 27(1): 38 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. John, M. A. Black, T. T. Toro, D. Leader, C. A. Gedye, I. D. Davis, P. J. Guilford, and J. S. Cebon Predicting Clinical Outcome through Molecular Profiling in Stage III Melanoma Clin. Cancer Res., August 15, 2008; 14(16): 5173 - 5180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Kirkwood, A. A. Tarhini, M. C. Panelli, S. J. Moschos, H. M. Zarour, L. H. Butterfield, and H. J. Gogas Next Generation of Immunotherapy for Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., July 10, 2008; 26(20): 3445 - 3455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Garbe, P. Radny, R. Linse, R. Dummer, R. Gutzmer, J. Ulrich, R. Stadler, M. Weichenthal, TK. Eigentler, U. Ellwanger, et al. Adjuvant low-dose interferon {alpha}2a with or without dacarbazine compared with surgery alone: a prospective-randomized phase III DeCOG trial in melanoma patients with regional lymph node metastasis Ann. Onc., June 1, 2008; 19(6): 1195 - 1201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Zimmerer, A. M. Lehman, A. S. Ruppert, C. W. Noble, T. Olencki, M. J. Walker, K. Kendra, and W. E. Carson III IFN-{alpha}-2b-Induced Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation in Patient Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Not Enhanced by a Dose Increase from 5 to 10 Megaunits/m2 Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2008; 14(5): 1438 - 1445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Slingluff Jr., G. R. Petroni, K. A. Chianese-Bullock, M. E. Smolkin, S. Hibbitts, C. Murphy, N. Johansen, W. W. Grosh, G. V. Yamshchikov, P. Y. Neese, et al. Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial of Two Multipeptide Vaccines for Melanoma in the Adjuvant Setting Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2007; 13(21): 6386 - 6395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Kaae, J. Wohlfahrt, H. A. Boyd, H. C. Wulf, R. J. Biggar, and M. Melbye The Impact of Autoimmune Diseases on the Incidence and Prognosis of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2007; 16(9): 1840 - 1844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. B. Lesinski, J. Trefry, M. Brasdovich, S. V. Kondadasula, K. Sackey, J. M. Zimmerer, A. R. Chaudhury, L. Yu, X. Zhang, T. R. Crespin, et al. Melanoma Cells Exhibit Variable Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Phosphorylation and a Reduced Response to IFN-{alpha} Compared with Immune Effector Cells Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2007; 13(17): 5010 - 5019. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. N. Cormier, Y. Xing, M. Ding, S. B. Cantor, K. J. Salter, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, J. E. Gershenwald, and M. I. Ross Cost Effectiveness of Adjuvant Interferon in Node-Positive Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., June 10, 2007; 25(17): 2442 - 2448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Y. Tsai Systemic Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With High-Risk Melanoma Arch Dermatol, June 1, 2007; 143(6): 779 - 782. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Mitchell, J. Abrams, J. A. Thompson, M. Kashani-Sabet, R. C. DeConti, W.-J. Hwu, M. B. Atkins, E. Whitman, M. S. Ernstoff, F. G. Haluska, et al. Randomized Trial of an Allogeneic Melanoma Lysate Vaccine With Low-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Compared With High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b for Resected Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., May 20, 2007; 25(15): 2078 - 2085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Zimmerer, G. B. Lesinski, S. V. Kondadasula, V. I. Karpa, A. Lehman, A. RayChaudhury, B. Becknell, and W. E. Carson III IFN-{alpha}-Induced Signal Transduction, Gene Expression, and Antitumor Activity of Immune Effector Cells Are Negatively Regulated by Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins J. Immunol., April 15, 2007; 178(8): 4832 - 4845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. R. Yurkovetsky, J. M. Kirkwood, H. D. Edington, A. M. Marrangoni, L. Velikokhatnaya, M. T. Winans, E. Gorelik, and A. E. Lokshin Multiplex Analysis of Serum Cytokines in Melanoma Patients Treated with Interferon-{alpha}2b Clin. Cancer Res., April 15, 2007; 13(8): 2422 - 2428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. N. Markovic, L. A. Erickson, R. D. Rao, R. H. Weenig, B. A. Pockaj, A. Bardia, C. M. Vachon, S. E. Schild, R. R. McWilliams, J. L. Hand, et al. Malignant Melanoma in the 21st Century, Part 2: Staging, Prognosis, and Treatment Mayo Clin. Proc., April 1, 2007; 82(4): 490 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. F. Thompson, F. S. Hodi, and A. Zembowicz Case 2-2007 -- A 49-Year-Old Woman with a Pigmented Lesion on the Arm N. Engl. J. Med., January 18, 2007; 356(3): 285 - 292. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Mangas, J. M. Hilari, C. Paradelo, J. Rex, M. T. Fernandez-Figueras, M. Fraile, A. Alastrue, and C. Ferrandiz Prognostic Significance of Molecular Staging Study of Sentinel Lymph Nodes by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction for Tyrosinase in Melanoma Patients Ann. Surg. Oncol., July 1, 2006; 13(7): 910 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Moschos, H. D. Edington, S. R. Land, U. N. Rao, D. Jukic, J. Shipe-Spotloe, and J. M. Kirkwood Neoadjuvant Treatment of Regional Stage IIIB Melanoma With High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Induces Objective Tumor Regression in Association With Modulation of Tumor Infiltrating Host Cellular Immune Responses J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 2006; 24(19): 3164 - 3171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kettlewell, C. Moyes, C. Bray, D. Soutar, A. MacKay, D. Byrne, T. Shoaib, B. Majumder, and R. MacKie Value of sentinel node status as a prognostic factor in melanoma: prospective observational study BMJ, June 17, 2006; 332(7555): 1423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Tarhini, J. Shipe-Spotloe, M. DeMark, S. S. Agarwala, and J. M. Kirkwood Response to "Helping Melanoma Patients Decide Whether to Choose Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon-{alpha}2b". Oncologist, May 1, 2006; 11(5): 538 - 539. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Gogas, J. Ioannovich, U. Dafni, C. Stavropoulou-Giokas, K. Frangia, D. Tsoutsos, P. Panagiotou, A. Polyzos, O. Papadopoulos, A. Stratigos, et al. Prognostic Significance of Autoimmunity during Treatment of Melanoma with Interferon N. Engl. J. Med., February 16, 2006; 354(7): 709 - 718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Vaquerano, W. G. Kraybill, D. L. Driscoll, R. Cheney, and J. M. Kane III American Joint Committee on Cancer Clinical Stage as a Selection Criterion for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Thin Melanoma Ann. Surg. Oncol., February 1, 2006; 13(2): 198 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Hellerbrand, M. Muhlbauer, S. Wallner, M. Schuierer, I. Behrmann, F. Bataille, T. Weiss, J. Scholmerich, and A.-K. Bosserhoff Promoter-hypermethylation is causing functional relevant downregulation of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma Carcinogenesis, January 1, 2006; 27(1): 64 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Kirkwood Building Upon the Standard of Care in Adjuvant Therapy of High-Risk Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., December 1, 2005; 23(34): 8559 - 8563. [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Richtig, H. P. Soyer, M. Posch, U. Mossbacher, P. Bauer, L. Teban, G. Svolba, I. H. Wolf, P. Fritsch, B. Zelger, et al. Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing Adjuvant Interferon Alfa and Isotretinoin With Interferon Alfa Alone in Stage IIA and IIB Melanoma: European Cooperative Adjuvant Melanoma Treatment Study Group J. Clin. Oncol., December 1, 2005; 23(34): 8655 - 8663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. E. Hurley and P. B. Chapman Helping Melanoma Patients Decide Whether to Choose Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon-{alpha}2b Oncologist, October 1, 2005; 10(9): 739 - 742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Nathan Medical Oncology Integr Cancer Ther, September 1, 2005; 4(3): 251 - 253. [PDF]

				J. C. Kang, L. A. Wanek, R. Essner, M. B. Faries, L. J. Foshag, and D. L. Morton Sentinel Lymphadenectomy Does Not Increase the Incidence of In-Transit Metastases in Primary Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., July 20, 2005; 23(21): 4764 - 4770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-F. Wong, J. G Jakowatz, and R. Taheri Management of Hypertriglyceridemia in Patients Receiving Interferon for Malignant Melanoma Ann. Pharmacother., October 1, 2004; 38(10): 1655 - 1659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Tsao, M. B. Atkins, and A. J. Sober Management of Cutaneous Melanoma N. Engl. J. Med., September 2, 2004; 351(10): 998 - 1012. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. B. Lesinski, B. Badgwell, J. Zimmerer, T. Crespin, Y. Hu, G. Abood, and W. E. Carson III IL-12 Pretreatments Enhance IFN-{alpha}-Induced Janus Kinase-STAT Signaling and Potentiate the Antitumor Effects of IFN-{alpha} in a Murine Model of Malignant Melanoma J. Immunol., June 15, 2004; 172(12): 7368 - 7376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Kirkwood, J. Manola, J. Ibrahim, V. Sondak, M. S. Ernstoff, and U. Rao A Pooled Analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Intergroup Trials of Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon for Melanoma Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2004; 10(5): 1670 - 1677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Reintgen, J. W. Jakub, S. Pendas, G. Swor, R. Giuliano, and S. Shivers The Staging of Malignant Melanoma and the Florida Melanoma Trial Ann. Surg. Oncol., March 1, 2004; 11(3_suppl): 186S - 191S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Sparano, R. Gray, B. Giantonio, P. O'Dwyer, and R. L. Comis Evaluating Antiangiogenesis Agents in the Clinic: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Portfolio of Clinical Trials Clin. Cancer Res., February 15, 2004; 10(4): 1206 - 1211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B. Faries, R. K. Gupta, X. Ye, E. C. Hsueh, and D. L. Morton Melanoma-Inhibiting Activity Assay Predicts Survival in Patients Receiving a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine After Complete Resection of American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III Melanoma Ann. Surg. Oncol., January 1, 2004; 11(1): 85 - 93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Schuchter Adjuvant Interferon Therapy for Melanoma: High-Dose, Low-Dose, No Dose, Which Dose? J. Clin. Oncol., January 1, 2004; 22(1): 7 - 10. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B.W. Hancock, K. Wheatley, S. Harris, N. Ives, G. Harrison, J.M. Horsman, M.R. Middleton, N. Thatcher, P.C. Lorigan, J.R. Marsden, et al. Adjuvant Interferon in High-Risk Melanoma: The AIM HIGH Study--United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research Randomized Study of Adjuvant Low-Dose Extended-Duration Interferon Alfa-2a in High-Risk Resected Malignant Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., January 1, 2004; 22(1): 53 - 61. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Moschos, J. M. Kirkwood, and P. A. Konstantinopoulos Present Status and Future Prospects for Adjuvant Therapy of Melanoma: Time to Build upon the Foundation of High-dose Interferon Alfa-2b J. Clin. Oncol., January 1, 2004; 22(1): 11 - 14. [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Ready and M. A. Weinstock Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon Therapy for High-Risk Melanoma Arch Dermatol, December 1, 2003; 139(12): 1635 - 1637. [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Astsaturov, T. Petrella, E. U. Bagriacik, M. de Benedette, R. Uger, G. Lumber, N. Berinstein, I. Elias, N. Iscoe, C. Hammond, et al. Amplification of Virus-Induced Antimelanoma T-Cell Reactivity by High-Dose Interferon-{alpha}2b: Implications for Cancer Vaccines Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2003; 9(12): 4347 - 4355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Sabel and V. K. Sondak Pros and Cons of Adjuvant Interferon in the Treatment of Melanoma Oncologist, October 1, 2003; 8(5): 451 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Hauschild, M. Weichenthal, B.-R. Balda, J. C. Becker, H. H. Wolff, W. Tilgen, K.-W. Schulte, J. Ring, D. Schadendorf, S. Lischner, et al. Prospective Randomized Trial of Interferon Alfa-2b and Interleukin-2 as Adjuvant Treatment for Resected Intermediate- and High-Risk Primary Melanoma Without Clinically Detectable Node Metastasis J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2003; 21(15): 2883 - 2888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Behrmann, S. Wallner, W. Komyod, P. C. Heinrich, M. Schuierer, R. Buettner, and A.-K. Bosserhoff Characterization of Methylthioadenosin Phosphorylase (MTAP) Expression in Malignant Melanoma Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2003; 163(2): 683 - 690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Ribas, L. H. Butterfield, J. A. Glaspy, and J. S. Economou Current Developments in Cancer Vaccines and Cellular Immunotherapy J. Clin. Oncol., June 15, 2003; 21(12): 2415 - 2432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. F. Kefford Adjuvant therapy of cutaneous melanoma: the interferon debate Ann. Onc., March 1, 2003; 14(3): 358 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Jakub, S. Pendas, and D. S. Reintgen Current Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy: Facts and Controversies Oncologist, February 1, 2003; 8(1): 59 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Hersey, A. S. Coates, W. H. McCarthy, J. F. Thompson, R. W. Sillar, R. McLeod, P. G. Gill, B. J. Coventry, A. McMullen, H. Dillon, et al. Adjuvant Immunotherapy of Patients With High-Risk Melanoma Using Vaccinia Viral Lysates of Melanoma: Results of a Randomized Trial J. Clin. Oncol., October 15, 2002; 20(20): 4181 - 4190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Mellado, M. del Carmen Vela, D. Colomer, L. Gutierrez, T. Castel, L. Quinto, M. Fontanillas, N. Reguart, J. M. Domingo-Domenech, C. Montagut, et al. Tyrosinase mRNA in Blood of Patients With Melanoma Treated With Adjuvant Interferon J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2002; 20(19): 4032 - 4039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Kirkwood, J. Ibrahim, V. K. Sondak, M. S. Ernstoff, L. Flaherty, F. J. Haluska, M.B. Lens, and M. Dawes Use and Abuse of Statistics in Evidence-Based Medicine J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2002; 20(19): 4122 - 4124. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Bukowski, M. S. Ernstoff, M. E. Gore, J. J. Nemunaitis, R. Amato, S. K. Gupta, and C. L. Tendler Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b Treatment for Patients With Solid Tumors: A Phase I/II Study J. Clin. Oncol., September 15, 2002; 20(18): 3841 - 3949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Kirkwood, C. Bender, S. Agarwala, A. Tarhini, J. Shipe-Spotloe, B. Smelko, S. Donnelly, and L. Stover Mechanisms and Management of Toxicities Associated With High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Therapy J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2002; 20(17): 3703 - 3718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. D. Thome, C. L. Loprinzi, and M. P. Heldebrant Determination of Potential Adjuvant Systemic Therapy Benefits for Patients With Resected Cutaneous Melanomas Mayo Clin. Proc., September 1, 2002; 77(9): 913 - 917. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Islam, R. F. Frye, T. J. Richards, I. Sbeitan, S. S. Donnelly, P. Glue, S. S. Agarwala, and J. M. Kirkwood Differential Effect of IFN{alpha}-2b on the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme System: A Potential Basis of IFN Toxicity and Its Modulation by Other Drugs Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2002; 8(8): 2480 - 2487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Mariani, M. Gipponi, L. Moresco, G. Villa, M. Bartolomei, G. Mazzarol, M. C. Bagnara, A. Romanini, F. Cafiero, G. Paganelli, et al. Radioguided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Malignant Cutaneous Melanoma* J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2002; 43(6): 811 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U.N.M. Rao, J. Ibrahim, L.E. Flaherty, J. Richards, and J.M. Kirkwood Implications of Microscopic Satellites of the Primary and Extracapsular Lymph Node Spread in Patients With High-Risk Melanoma: Pathologic Corollary of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial E1690 J. Clin. Oncol., April 15, 2002; 20(8): 2053 - 2057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Kretschmer, C. Neumann, B. Coldiron, S. Dinehart, J. M. Kirkwood, S. S. Agarwala, J. Ibrahim, J. Manola, V. K. Sondak, M. S. Ernstoff, et al. Sentinel-Node Technique Will Change the Design of Clinical Trials in Malignant Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., April 15, 2002; 20(8): 2208 - 2210. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B. Lens and M. Dawes Interferon Alfa Therapy for Malignant Melanoma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2002; 20(7): 1818 - 1825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. McMasters, S. L. Wong, M. J. Edwards, C. Chao, M. I. Ross, R. D. Noyes, V. Viar, P. B. Cerrito, and D. S. Reintgen Frequency of Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Melanoma Ann. Surg. Oncol., March 1, 2002; 9(2): 137 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Kilbridge, B. F. Cole, J. M. Kirkwood, F. G. Haluska, M. A. Atkins, J. C. Ruckdeschel, D. E. Sock, R. F. Nease Jr, and J. C. Weeks Quality-of-Life-Adjusted Survival Analysis of High-Dose Adjuvant Interferon Alfa-2b for High-Risk Melanoma Patients Using Intergroup Clinical Trial Data J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2002; 20(5): 1311 - 1318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Eicher, G. L. Clayman, J. N. Myers, and A. M. Gillenwater A Prospective Study of Intraoperative Lymphatic Mapping for Head and Neck Cutaneous Melanoma Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, March 1, 2002; 128(3): 241 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. I. Salti, A. Kansagra, M. A. Warso, S. G. Ronan, and T. K. Das Gupta Clinical Node-Negative Thick Melanoma Arch Surg, March 1, 2002; 137(3): 291 - 295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Slingluff Jr., G. Yamshchikov, P. Neese, H. Galavotti, S. Eastham, V. H. Engelhard, D. Kittlesen, D. Deacon, S. Hibbitts, W. W. Grosh, et al. Phase I Trial of a Melanoma Vaccine with gp100280-288 Peptide and Tetanus Helper Peptide in Adjuvant: Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2001; 7(10): 3012 - 3024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Lee, F. Wang, J. Kuniyoshi, V. Rubio, T. Stuges, S. Groshen, C. Gee, R. Lau, G. Jeffery, K. Margolin, et al. Effects of Interleukin-12 on the Immune Response to a Multipeptide Vaccine for Resected Metastatic Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., September 15, 2001; 19(18): 3836 - 3847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. W. Dubois, S. M. Swetter, M. Atkins, K. McMasters, R. Halbert, S. J. Miller, R. Shiell, and J. Kirkwood Developing Indications for the Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in Melanoma Arch Dermatol, September 1, 2001; 137(9): 1217 - 1224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Balch, S.-J. Soong, J. E. Gershenwald, J. F. Thompson, D. S. Reintgen, N. Cascinelli, M. Urist, K. M. McMasters, M. I. Ross, J. M. Kirkwood, et al. Prognostic Factors Analysis of 17,600 Melanoma Patients: Validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Melanoma Staging System J. Clin. Oncol., August 15, 2001; 19(16): 3622 - 3634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. McMasters, D. S. Reintgen, M. I. Ross, J. E. Gershenwald, M. J. Edwards, A. Sober, N. Fenske, F. Glass, C. M. Balch, and D. G. Coit Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma: Controversy Despite Widespread Agreement J. Clin. Oncol., June 1, 2001; 19(11): 2851 - 2855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Kirkwood, J. G. Ibrahim, J. A. Sosman, V. K. Sondak, S. S. Agarwala, M. S. Ernstoff, and U. Rao High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Significantly Prolongs Relapse-Free and Overall Survival Compared With the GM2-KLH/QS-21 Vaccine in Patients With Resected Stage IIB-III Melanoma: Results of Intergroup Trial E1694/S9512/C509801 J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2001; 19(9): 2370 - 2380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. Kanzler and S. Mraz-Gernhard Treatment of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma JAMA, April 11, 2001; 285(14): 1819 - 1821. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Kirkwood, J. Ibrahim, D. H. Lawson, M. B. Atkins, S. S. Agarwala, K. Collins, R. Mascari, D. M. Morrissey, and P. B. Chapman High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Does Not Diminish Antibody Response to GM2 Vaccination in Patients With Resected Melanoma: Results of the Multicenter Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II Trial E2696 J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2001; 19(5): 1430 - 1436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. E. Spitler and J. M. Kirkwood Adjuvant Therapy of Melanoma: At What Cost? J. Clin. Oncol., February 15, 2001; 19(4): 1226 - 1228. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A. Doughty, K. B. Nguyen, J. E. Durbin, and C. A. Biron A Role for IFN-{{alpha}}{{beta}} in Virus Infection-Induced Sensitization to Endotoxin J. Immunol., February 15, 2001; 166(4): 2658 - 2664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Kilbridge, J. C. Weeks, A. J. Sober, F. G. Haluska, C. L. Slingluff, M. B. Atkins, D. E. Sock, J. M. Kirkwood, and R. F. Nease Patient Preferences for Adjuvant Interferon Alfa-2b Treatment J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2001; 19(3): 812 - 823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S S Rayatt, S P Hettiaratchy, S. Wookey, B. Powell, M D. Humzah, R. Russell-Jones, E. Calonje, C. Healy, M. Doherty, P. Butler, et al. Sentinel node biopsy for malignant melanoma BMJ, November 18, 2000; 321(7271): 1285 - 1285. [Full Text]