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Southwest Oncology Group Study of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for Advanced Transitional-Cell Carcinoma: The Importance of Survival as a Clinical Trial End Point

From the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, WA; University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY; Montana Community Clinical Oncology Program, Billings, MT; Dayton Community Clinical Oncology Program, Dayton, OH; Louisiana State University/Shreveport, Shreveport, LA; and University of Colorado, Denver, CO.

Address reprint requests to Operations Office, Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG-9457), 14980 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245-3217.

PURPOSE: The combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin for the treatment of advanced transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelium has promising activity and acceptable toxicity. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of this regimen in a cooperative group setting.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with advanced TCC were treated every 21 days with paclitaxel 200 mg/m², administered as a 3-hour infusion, followed by carboplatin dosed to an area under the curve of 5. Prior systemic adjuvant or neoadjuvant platinum-based therapy was not permitted unless completed at least 1 year before enrollment. Patients were evaluated for response every three cycles, and follow-up was conducted to determine survival.

RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled and were assessable. Four (14%) had received prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Node-only disease was present in 24%, and 76% of patients had extranodal disease. The median number of cycles received was five. Grade 4 toxicity consisted primarily of neutropenia (38% of patients). Neurologic toxicity was noted in 16 patients (grade 1 in four patients, grade 2 in five patients, grade 3 in six patients, and grade 4 in one patient). Six partial responses and no complete responses were noted, for a response proportion of 20.7% (95% confidence interval, 8% to 40%). Median progression-free survival time was 4 months, and overall survival time was 9 months.

CONCLUSION: The combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin for the treatment of advanced TCC is reasonably well tolerated. However, a response proportion considerably lower than that previously reported was noted. In addition, the median survival time of 9 months was less than the survival time previously reported for patients treated with the combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. Although our results may reflect enrollment of patients with poor prognostic features, they also call into question the utility of this regimen.

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