Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 18, Issue 17
(September), 2000: 3068-3077
© 2000 American Society for Clinical Oncology
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Results of a Large, Randomized, Multinational, Multicenter, Phase III Study
By H. von der Maase,
S.W. Hansen,
J.T. Roberts,
L. Dogliotti,
T. Oliver,
M.J. Moore,
I. Bodrogi,
P. Albers,
A. Knuth,
C.M. Lippert,
P. Kerbrat,
P. Sanchez Rovira,
P. Wersall,
S.P. Cleall,
D.F. Roychowdhury,
I. Tomlin,
C.M. Visseren-Grul,
P.F. Conte
From the Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus; Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Northern Centre for Cancer Treatment, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle; St Bartholomews Hospital, London, United Kingdom; University of Torino, St Luigi Hospital, Orbassano; Santa Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy; The Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada; National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Urology, Bonn University, Bonn; Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany; Centre Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France; Hospital Ciudad De Jaen, Jaen, Spain; Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
Address reprint requests to Hans von der Maase, MD, DMSc, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C; email hvdm{at}oncology.dk
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) and methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) were compared in patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelium.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with stage IV TCC and no prior systemic chemotherapy were randomized to GC (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 days 1, 8, and 15; cisplatin 70 mg/m2 day 2) or standard MVAC every 28 days for a maximum of six cycles.
RESULTS: Four hundred five patients were randomized (GC, n = 203; MVAC, n = 202). The groups were well-balanced with respect to prognostic factors. Overall survival was similar on both arms (hazards ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.32; P = .75), as were time to progressive disease (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.30), time to treatment failure (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.10), and response rate (GC, 49%; MVAC, 46%). More GC patients completed six cycles of therapy, with fewer dose adjustments. The toxic death rate was 1% on the GC arm and 3% on the MVAC arm. More GC than MVAC patients had grade 3/4 anemia (27% v 18%, respectively) and thrombocytopenia (57% v 21%, respectively). On both arms, the RBC transfusion rate was 13 of 100 cycles and grade 3/4 hemorrhage or hematuria was 2%; the platelet transfusion rate was four patients per 100 cycles and two patients per 100 cycles on GC and MVAC, respectively. More MVAC patients, compared with GC patients, had grade 3/4 neutropenia (82% v 71%, respectively), neutropenic fever (14% v 2%, respectively), neutropenic sepsis (12% v 1%, respectively), and grade 3/4 mucositis (22% v 1%, respectively) and alopecia (55% v 11%, respectively). Quality of life was maintained during treatment on both arms; however, more patients on GC fared better regarding weight, performance status, and fatigue.
CONCLUSION: GC provides a similar survival advantage to MVAC with a better safety profile and tolerability. This better-risk benefit ratio should change the standard of care for patients with locally advanced and metastatic TCC from MVAC to GC.
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H. Soto Parra, R. Cavina, F. Latteri, A. Sala, M. Dambrosio, G. Antonelli, E. Morenghi, M. Alloisio, G. Ravasi, and A. Santoro
Three-week versus four-week schedule of cisplatin and gemcitabine: results of a randomized phase II study
Ann. Onc.,
July 1, 2002;
13(7):
1080 - 1086.
[Abstract]
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L. C. Pagliaro, R. E. Millikan, S.-M. Tu, D. Williams, D. Daliani, C. N. Papandreou, and C. J. Logothetis
Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Ifosfamide As Weekly Therapy: A Feasibility and Phase II Study of Salvage Treatment for Advanced Transitional-Cell Carcinoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 1, 2002;
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2965 - 2970.
[Abstract]
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A. O. Siefker-Radtke, R. E. Millikan, S.-M. Tu, D. F. Moore Jr, T. L. Smith, D. Williams, and C. J. Logothetis
Phase III Trial of Fluorouracil, Interferon Alfa-2b, and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Metastatic or Unresectable Urothelial Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 1, 2002;
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1361 - 1367.
[Abstract]
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D. J. Vaughn, C. M. Broome, M. Hussain, J. C. Gutheil, and A. B. Markowitz
Phase II Trial of Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Urothelial Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 15, 2002;
20(4):
937 - 940.
[Abstract]
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V. Gandhi, W. Plunkett, M. Du, M. Ayres, and E. H. Estey
Prolonged Infusion of Gemcitabine: Clinical and Pharmacodynamic Studies During a Phase I Trial in Relapsed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 1, 2002;
20(3):
665 - 673.
[Abstract]
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D. F. Bajorin
Plenary Debate of Randomized Phase III Trial of Neoadjuvant MVAC Plus Cystectomy Versus Cystectomy Alone in Patients With Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 15, 2001;
19(90001):
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C. N. Sternberg and M. K.B. Parmar
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Is Not (Yet) Standard Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 15, 2001;
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C. N. Sternberg, P. H.M. de Mulder, J. H. Schornagel, C. Theodore, S. D. Fossa, A. T. van Oosterom, F. Witjes, M. Spina, C. J. van Groeningen, C. de Balincourt, et al.
Randomized Phase III Trial of High-Dose-Intensity Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin (MVAC) Chemotherapy and Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Versus Classic MVAC in Advanced Urothelial Tract Tumors: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Protocol No. 30924
J. Clin. Oncol.,
May 15, 2001;
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[Abstract]
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M. Hussain, U. Vaishampayan, W. Du, B. Redman, and D. C. Smith
Combination Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Gemcitabine Is an Active Treatment for Advanced Urothelial Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
May 1, 2001;
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2527 - 2533.
[Abstract]
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M. H. Cohen, M. Rothmann, H. von der Maase, and A. M. Hayden
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Advanced, Metastatic Bladder Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
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