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Equivalent Racial Outcome After Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Single Departmental Experience

From the Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago/University of Illinois/Micheal Reese Center for Radiation Therapy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Address reprint requests to Srinivasan Vijayakumar, MD, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1801 West Taylor St, OCC-C400, Chicago, IL 60612; email: vijay{at}jasmine.rado.uic.edu

PURPOSE: African-American (AA) men with prostate cancer present with advanced disease, relative to white (W) men. This report summarizes our clinical and biochemical control (bNED) rates after conformal radiotherapy (RT). In particular, we aim to characterize any race-based outcome differences seen after comparable treatment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 893 patients (418 AA and 475 W) with clinically localized prostate cancer treated between 1988 and 1997. Neoadjuvant hormonal blockade was used in 22.5% of cases, and all patients received conformal RT to a median dose of 68 Gy (range, 60 to 74.8 Gy). Biochemical failure was defined according to the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition. Median follow-up was 24 months (range, 1 to 114 months).

RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial survival, disease-free survival, and bNED rates for the entire population were 80.5%, 70.0%, and 57.6%, respectively. When classified by prognostic risk category, the 5-year actuarial bNED rates were 78.7% for favorable, 57.7% for intermediate, and 39.8% for unfavorable category patients. AA men presented at younger ages and with more advanced disease. Controlled for prognostic risk category, AA and W men had similar 5-year actuarial bNED rates in favorable (78% v 79%, P = .91), intermediate (52% v 62%, P = .44), and unfavorable categories (36% v 45%, P = .09). Race was not an independent prognostic factor (P = .36).

CONCLUSION: Conformal RT is equally effective for AA and W patients. More research is needed in order to understand and correct the advanced presentations in AA men. These data suggest a need for early screening in AA populations.

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