Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 19, Issue 23
(December), 2001: 4298-4304
© 2001 American Society for Clinical Oncology
ERCC1 and Thymidylate Synthase mRNA Levels Predict Survival for Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Combination Oxaliplatin and Fluorouracil Chemotherapy
By Yoshinori Shirota,
Jan Stoehlmacher,
Jan Brabender,
Yi-Ping Xiong,
Hiroyuki Uetake,
Kathleen D. Danenberg,
Susan Groshen,
Denise D. Tsao-Wei,
Peter V. Danenberg,
Heinz-Josef Lenz
From the University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Response Genetics Inc, Los Angeles, CA.
Address reprint requests to Heinz-Josef Lenz, MD, Gastrointestinal-Oncology Program, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ste 3456, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033; email: lenz{at}hsc.usc.edu
PURPOSE: To test the hypotheses of whether the relative mRNA expression of the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and the excision cross-complementing (ERCC1) gene are associated with response to and survival of fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients had progressive stage IV disease after unsuccessful 5-FU and irinotecan chemotherapy. All patients were evaluated for eligibility for a compassionate 5-FU/oxaliplatin protocol. cDNA was derived from paraffin-embedded tumor specimens to determine TS and ERCC1 mRNA expression relative to the internal reference gene beta-actin using fluorescence-based, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: The median TS gene expression level from 50 metastasized tumors was 3.4 x 10-3 (minimum expression, 0.18 x 10-3;maximum expression, 11.5 x 10-3), and the median ERCC1 gene expression level was 2.53 x 10-3 (minimum, 0.0; maximum, 14.61 x 10-3). The gene expression cutoff values for chemotherapy nonresponse were 7.5 x 10-3 for TS and 4.9 x 10-3 for ERCC1. The median survival time for patients with TS  7.5 x 10-3 (43 of 50 patients) was 10.2 months, compared with 1.5 months for patients with TS greater than 7.5 x 10-3 (P < .001). Patients with ERCC1 expression 4.9 x 10-3 (40 of 50 patients) had a median survival time of 10.2 months, compared with 1.9 months for patients with ERCC1 expression greater than 4.9 x 10-3 (P < .001). A TS of 7.5 x 10-3 segregated significantly into response, stable disease, and progression (P = .02), whereas the association between ERCC1 and response did not reach statistical significance (P = .29).
CONCLUSION: These data suggest that intratumoral ERCC1 mRNA and TS mRNA expression levels are independent predictive markers of survival for 5-FU and oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy in 5-FU–resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. Precise definition of the best TS cut point will require further analysis in a large, prospective study.
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Facebook  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
D. Planchard, J. Domont, E. Taranchon, I. Monnet, J. Tredaniel, R. Caliandro, P. Validire, B. Besse, J.-C. Soria, and P. Fouret
The NER proteins are differentially expressed in ever smokers and in never smokers with lung adenocarcinoma
Ann. Onc.,
July 1, 2009;
20(7):
1257 - 1263.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. B. Y. Ma, E. P. Hui, S. C. C. Wong, S. Y. Tung, K. K. Yuen, A. King, S. L. Chan, S. F. Leung, M. K. Kam, B. K. H. Yu, et al.
Multicenter phase II study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma--correlation with excision repair cross-complementing-1 polymorphisms
Ann. Onc.,
June 23, 2009;
(2009)
mdp065v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Goekkurt, S.-E. Al-Batran, J. T. Hartmann, U. Mogck, G. Schuch, M. Kramer, E. Jaeger, C. Bokemeyer, G. Ehninger, and J. Stoehlmacher
Pharmacogenetic Analyses of a Phase III Trial in Metastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma With Fluorouracil and Leucovorin Plus Either Oxaliplatin or Cisplatin: A Study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 10, 2009;
27(17):
2863 - 2873.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Lurje, P. C. Manegold, Y. Ning, A. Pohl, W. Zhang, and H.-J. Lenz
Thymidylate synthase gene variations: predictive and prognostic markers
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
May 1, 2009;
8(5):
1000 - 1007.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Martinez-Cardus, E. Martinez-Balibrea, E. Bandres, R. Malumbres, A. Gines, J. L. Manzano, M. Taron, J. Garcia-Foncillas, and A. Abad
Pharmacogenomic approach for the identification of novel determinants of acquired resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
January 1, 2009;
8(1):
194 - 202.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Breen and F. Barlesi
The place of excision repair cross complementation 1 (ERCC1) in surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.,
May 1, 2008;
33(5):
805 - 811.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. P. Martin, T. C. Hamilton, and R. J. Schilder
Platinum Resistance: The Role of DNA Repair Pathways
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2008;
14(5):
1291 - 1295.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Bepler
Genes Predictive of Chemotherapeutic Efficacy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
ASCO Educational Book,
January 1, 2008;
2008(1):
350 - 352.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kopetz, A. N. Shah, and G. E. Gallick
Src Continues Aging: Current and Future Clinical Directions
Clin. Cancer Res.,
December 15, 2007;
13(24):
7232 - 7236.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cobo, D. Isla, B. Massuti, A. Montes, J. M. Sanchez, M. Provencio, N. Vinolas, L. Paz-Ares, G. Lopez-Vivanco, M. A. Munoz, et al.
Customizing Cisplatin Based on Quantitative Excision Repair Cross-Complementing 1 mRNA Expression: A Phase III Trial in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 1, 2007;
25(19):
2747 - 2754.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Handra-Luca, J. Hernandez, G. Mountzios, E. Taranchon, J. Lacau-St-Guily, J.-C. Soria, and P. Fouret
Excision Repair Cross Complementation Group 1 Immunohistochemical Expression Predicts Objective Response and Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients Treated by Cisplatin-Based Induction Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
July 1, 2007;
13(13):
3855 - 3859.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-S. Wang, P.-M. Chen, T.-J. Chiou, J.-H. Liu, J.-K. Lin, T.-C. Lin, H.-S. Wang, and Y. Su
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor R497K Polymorphism Is a Favorable Prognostic Factor for Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
June 15, 2007;
13(12):
3597 - 3604.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. O'Dwyer, S. G. Eckhardt, D. G. Haller, J. Tepper, D. Ahnen, S. Hamilton, A. B. Benson III, M. Rothenberg, N. Petrelli, H.-J. Lenz, et al.
Priorities in Colorectal Cancer Research: Recommendations From the Gastrointestinal Scientific Leadership Council of the Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 1, 2007;
25(16):
2313 - 2321.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Darcy, C. Tian, and E. Reed
A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study of Platinum-DNA Adducts and Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1 Expression in Optimal, Stage III Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Treated with Platinum-Taxane Chemotherapy
Cancer Res.,
May 1, 2007;
67(9):
4474 - 4481.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Del Rio, F. Molina, C. Bascoul-Mollevi, V. Copois, F. Bibeau, P. Chalbos, C. Bareil, A. Kramar, N. Salvetat, C. Fraslon, et al.
Gene Expression Signature in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients Select Drugs and Response for the Use of Leucovorin, Fluorouracil, and Irinotecan
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 1, 2007;
25(7):
773 - 780.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H-C Kwon, M. Roh, S. Oh, S-H Kim, M. Kim, J-S Kim, and H-J Kim
Prognostic value of expression of ERCC1, thymidylate synthase, and glutathione S-transferase P1 for 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer
Ann. Onc.,
March 1, 2007;
18(3):
504 - 509.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Bellmunt, L Paz-Ares, M Cuello, F. Cecere, S Albiol, V Guillem, E Gallardo, J Carles, P Mendez, J. de la Cruz, et al.
Gene expression of ERCC1 as a novel prognostic marker in advanced bladder cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy
Ann. Onc.,
March 1, 2007;
18(3):
522 - 528.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Ceppi, M Volante, S Novello, I Rapa, K. Danenberg, P. Danenberg, A Cambieri, G Selvaggi, S Saviozzi, R Calogero, et al.
ERCC1 and RRM1 gene expressions but not EGFR are predictive of shorter survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with cisplatin and gemcitabine
Ann. Onc.,
December 1, 2006;
17(12):
1818 - 1825.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Suh, J. H. Kim, D. Y. Kim, Y. B. Kim, C. Lee, and S. Choi
Which Gene is a Dominant Predictor of Response During FOLFOX Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, the MTHFR or XRCC1 Gene?
Ann. Surg. Oncol.,
November 1, 2006;
13(11):
1379 - 1385.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Olaussen, A. Dunant, P. Fouret, E. Brambilla, F. Andre, V. Haddad, E. Taranchon, M. Filipits, R. Pirker, H. H. Popper, et al.
DNA repair by ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
N. Engl. J. Med.,
September 7, 2006;
355(10):
983 - 991.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. A. Sinicrope, R. L. Rego, K. C. Halling, N. R. Foster, D. J. Sargent, B. La Plant, A. J. French, C. J. Allegra, J. A. Laurie, R. M. Goldberg, et al.
Thymidylate synthase expression in colon carcinomas with microsatellite instability.
Clin. Cancer Res.,
May 1, 2006;
12(9):
2738 - 2744.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Garcia, J. M. Garcia, C. Pena, J. Silva, G. Dominguez, A. Hurtado, I. Alonso, R. Rodriguez, M. Provencio, and F. Bonilla
Thymidylate synthase messenger RNA expression in plasma from patients with colon cancer: prognostic potential.
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 1, 2006;
12(7):
2095 - 2100.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. E. Kemeny, D. Niedzwiecki, D. R. Hollis, H.-J. Lenz, R. S. Warren, M. J. Naughton, J. C. Weeks, E. R. Sigurdson, J. E. Herndon II, C. Zhang, et al.
Hepatic Arterial Infusion Versus Systemic Therapy for Hepatic Metastases From Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Trial of Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Molecular Markers (CALGB 9481)
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 20, 2006;
24(9):
1395 - 1403.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. Smorenburg, G. J. Peters, C. J. van Groeningen, P. Noordhuis, K. Smid, A. M. G. H. van Riel, W. Dercksen, H. M. Pinedo, and G. Giaccone
Phase II study of tailored chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer with either 5-fluouracil and leucovorin or oxaliplatin and irinotecan based on the expression of thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
Ann. Onc.,
January 1, 2006;
17(1):
35 - 42.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Langer, K. Specht, K. Becker, P. Ewald, M. Bekesch, M. Sarbia, R. Busch, M. Feith, H. J. Stein, J.-R. Siewert, et al.
Association of Pretherapeutic Expression of Chemotherapy-Related Genes with Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Barrett Carcinoma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
October 15, 2005;
11(20):
7462 - 7469.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Viguier, V. Boige, C. Miquel, M. Pocard, B. Giraudeau, J.-C. Sabourin, M. Ducreux, A. Sarasin, and F. Praz
ERCC1 Codon 118 Polymorphism Is a Predictive Factor for the Tumor Response to Oxaliplatin/5-Fluorouracil Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
September 1, 2005;
11(17):
6212 - 6217.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. L. Allen and P. G. Johnston
Role of Genomic Markers in Colorectal Cancer Treatment
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 10, 2005;
23(20):
4545 - 4552.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Simon, S. Sharma, A. Cantor, P. Smith, and G. Bepler
ERCC1 Expression Is a Predictor of Survival in Resected Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Chest,
March 1, 2005;
127(3):
978 - 983.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Yu, W. D. Shannon, M. A. Watson, and H. L. McLeod
Gene Expression Profiling of the Irinotecan Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2005;
11(5):
2053 - 2062.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Suk, S. Gurubhagavatula, S. Park, W. Zhou, L. Su, T. J. Lynch, J. C. Wain, D. Neuberg, G. Liu, and D. C. Christiani
Polymorphisms in ERCC1 and Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Clin. Cancer Res.,
February 15, 2005;
11(4):
1534 - 1538.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Lecomte, J.-M. Ferraz, F. Zinzindohoue, M.-A. Loriot, D.-A. Tregouet, B. Landi, A. Berger, P.-H. Cugnenc, R. Jian, P. Beaune, et al.
Thymidylate Synthase Gene Polymorphism Predicts Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving 5-Fluorouracil-based Chemotherapy
Clin. Cancer Res.,
September 1, 2004;
10(17):
5880 - 5888.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Isla, C. Sarries, R. Rosell, G. Alonso, M. Domine, M. Taron, G. Lopez-Vivanco, C. Camps, M. Botia, L. Nunez, et al.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and outcome in docetaxel-cisplatin-treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Ann. Onc.,
August 1, 2004;
15(8):
1194 - 1203.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Zhou, S. Gurubhagavatula, G. Liu, S. Park, D. S. Neuberg, J. C. Wain, T. J. Lynch, L. Su, and D. C. Christiani
Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1 Polymorphism Predicts Overall Survival in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Clin. Cancer Res.,
August 1, 2004;
10(15):
4939 - 4943.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-K. Youn, M.-H. Kim, H.-J. Cho, H.-B. Kim, I.-Y. Chang, M.-H. Chung, and H. J. You
Oncogenic H-Ras Up-Regulates Expression of ERCC1 to Protect Cells from Platinum-Based Anticancer Agents
Cancer Res.,
July 15, 2004;
64(14):
4849 - 4857.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Chan and D. J. Kerr
Can we individualise chemotherapy for colorectal cancer?
Ann. Onc.,
July 1, 2004;
15(7):
996 - 999.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Warnecke-Eberz, R. Metzger, F. Miyazono, S. E. Baldus, S. Neiss, J. Brabender, H. Schaefer, W. Doerfler, E. Bollschweiler, H. P. Dienes, et al.
High Specificity of Quantitative Excision Repair Cross-Complementing 1 Messenger RNA Expression for Prediction of Minor Histopathological Response to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Esophageal Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
June 1, 2004;
10(11):
3794 - 3799.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Hasan, J. D. Wulfkuhle, L. A. Liotta, and E. F Petricoin
Molecular Technologies for Personalized Cancer Management
JAMA,
April 7, 2004;
291(13):
1644 - 1645.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Boyer, E. G. McLean, S. Aroori, P. Wilson, A. McCulla, P. D. Carey, D. B. Longley, and P. G. Johnston
Characterization of p53 Wild-Type and Null Isogenic Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Resistant to 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 15, 2004;
10(6):
2158 - 2167.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Popat, A. Matakidou, and R. S. Houlston
Thymidylate Synthase Expression and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 1, 2004;
22(3):
529 - 536.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Hayward, J. S. Macpherson, J. Cummings, B. P. Monia, J. F. Smyth, and D. I. Jodrell
Enhanced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis following antisense Bcl-xl down-regulation is p53 and Bax dependent: Genetic evidence for specificity of the antisense effect
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
February 1, 2004;
3(2):
169 - 178.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Uchida, K. Hayashi, K. Kawakami, S. Schneider, J. M. Yochim, H. Kuramochi, K. Takasaki, K. D. Danenberg, and P. V. Danenberg
Loss of Heterozygosity at the Thymidylate Synthase (TS) Locus on Chromosome 18 Affects Tumor Response and Survival in Individuals Heterozygous for a 28-bp Polymorphism in the TS Gene
Clin. Cancer Res.,
January 15, 2004;
10(2):
433 - 439.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Vekris, D. Meynard, M.-C. Haaz, M. Bayssas, J. Bonnet, and J. Robert
Molecular Determinants of the Cytotoxicity of Platinum Compounds: The Contribution of in Silico Research
Cancer Res.,
January 1, 2004;
64(1):
356 - 362.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Reed, J. J. Yu, A. Davies, J. Gannon, and S. L. Armentrout
Clear Cell Tumors Have Higher mRNA Levels of ERCC1 and XPB Than Other Histological Types of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
November 1, 2003;
9(14):
5299 - 5305.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Yu, S. Marsh, R. Ahluwalia, and H. L. McLeod
Ferredoxin Reductase: Pharmacogenomic Assessment in Colorectal Cancer
Cancer Res.,
October 1, 2003;
63(19):
6170 - 6173.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gonen, A. Hummer, A. Zervoudakis, D. Sullivan, Y. Fong, D. Banerjee, D. Klimstra, C. Cordon-Cardo, J. Bertino, and N. Kemeny
Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Hepatic Tumors Is a Predictor of Survival and Progression in Patients With Resectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 1, 2003;
21(3):
406 - 412.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Ichikawa, H. Uetake, Y. Shirota, H. Yamada, N. Nishi, Z. Nihei, K. Sugihara, and R. Hirayama
Combination of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase and Thymidylate Synthase Gene Expressions in Primary Tumors as Predictive Parameters for the Efficacy of Fluoropyrimidine-based Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
February 1, 2003;
9(2):
786 - 791.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. V. N. Lord, J. Brabender, D. Gandara, V. Alberola, C. Camps, M. Domine, F. Cardenal, J. M. Sanchez, P. H. Gumerlock, M. Taron, et al.
Low ERCC1 Expression Correlates with Prolonged Survival after Cisplatin plus Gemcitabine Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
July 1, 2002;
8(7):
2286 - 2291.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-C. Etienne, M. Chazal, P. Laurent-Puig, N. Magne, C. Rosty, J.-L. Formento, M. Francoual, P. Formento, N. Renee, E. Chamorey, et al.
Prognostic Value of Tumoral Thymidylate Synthase and p53 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 15, 2002;
20(12):
2832 - 2843.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Macdonald
Vive La Difference: Sex and Fluorouracil Toxicity
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 15, 2002;
20(6):
1439 - 1441.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
