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Phase III Comparison of High-Dose Paclitaxel + Cisplatin + Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Versus Low-Dose Paclitaxel + Cisplatin in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E1393

From the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; and Fairview University Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.

Address reprint requests to Arlene A. Forastiere, MD, Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD. email: forasar{at}jhmi.edu

PURPOSE: To determine dose-response effects and the activity of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin in patients with incurable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred ten patients with locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic disease were randomly placed in either Arm A, paclitaxel 200 mg/m² (24-hour infusion) + cisplatin 75mg/m² + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or Arm B, paclitaxel 135 mg/m² (24-hour infusion) + cisplatin 75 mg/m². Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks until progression or a total of 12 cycles for complete responses. Primary outcomes were event-free and overall survival.

RESULTS: No significant differences in outcomes were observed between the high- and low-dose paclitaxel regimens. The estimated median survival was 7.3 months (95% confidence interval, 6.0 to 8.6). The 1-year survival rate was 29%, and event-free survival was 4.0 months. The objective response rate (complete response plus partial response) was 35% for the high-dose patients and 36% for the low-dose patients. Myelosuppression was the most frequent toxicity: grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia, 70% of patients in Arm A and 78% in Arm B; febrile neutropenia, 27% of patients in Arm A and 39% in Arm B. Grade 5 toxicities occurred in 22 patients (10.5%). Treatment was terminated early in 31% because of excessive toxicity or patient refusal.

CONCLUSION: This phase III multicenter trial showed (1) no advantage for high-dose paclitaxel and (2) excessive hematologic toxicity associated with both regimens. Therefore, neither of the paclitaxel regimens evaluated in this trial can be recommended.

Preliminary results were presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Meeting in Denver, Colorado, May 1997.

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