Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 19, Issue 9
(May), 2001: 2370-2380
© 2001 American Society for Clinical Oncology
High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Significantly Prolongs Relapse-Free and Overall Survival Compared With the GM2-KLH/QS-21 Vaccine in Patients With Resected Stage IIB-III Melanoma: Results of Intergroup Trial E1694/S9512/C509801
By John M. Kirkwood,
Joseph G. Ibrahim,
Jeffrey A. Sosman,
Vernon K. Sondak,
Sanjiv S. Agarwala,
Marc S. Ernstoff,
Uma Rao
From the Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Melanoma Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Boston, MA; and Southwest Oncology Group, San Antonio, TX.
Address reprint requests to John M. Kirkwood, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Melanoma Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582; email: jmk{at}jimmy.harvard.edu
PURPOSE: Vaccine alternatives to high-dose interferon alfa-2b therapy (HDI), the current standard adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma, are of interest because of toxicity associated with HDI. The GM2 ganglioside is a well-defined melanoma antigen, and anti-GM2 antibodies have been associated with improved prognosis. We conducted a prospective, randomized, intergroup trial to evaluate the efficacy of HDI for 1 year versus vaccination with GM2 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and administered with QS-21 (GMK) for 96 weeks (weekly x 4 then every 12 weeks x 8).
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had resected stage IIB/III melanoma. Patients were stratified by sex and number of positive nodes. Primary end points were relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS: Eight hundred eighty patients were randomized (440 per treatment group); 774 patients were eligible for efficacy analysis. The trial was closed after interim analysis indicated inferiority of GMK compared with HDI. For eligible patients, HDI provided a statistically significant RFS benefit (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47, P = .0015) and OS benefit (HR = 1.52, P = .009) for GMK versus HDI. Similar benefit was observed in the intent-to-treat analysis (RFS HR = 1.49; OS HR = 1.38). HDI was associated with a treatment benefit in all subsets of patients with zero to  four positive nodes, but the greatest benefit was observed in the node-negative subset (RFS HR = 2.07; OS HR = 2.71 [eligible population]). Antibody responses to GM2 (ie, titers 1:80) at days 29, 85, 365, and 720 were associated with a trend toward improved RFS and OS (P2 = .068 at day 29).
CONCLUSION: This trial demonstrated a significant treatment benefit of HDI versus GMK in terms of RFS and OS in melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence.
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Facebook  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
M. Kashani-Sabet, S. Venna, M. Nosrati, J. Rangel, A. Sucker, F. Egberts, F. L. Baehner, J. Simko, S. P.L. Leong, C. Haqq, et al.
A Multimarker Prognostic Assay for Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
November 15, 2009;
15(22):
6987 - 6992.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M.M. Eggermont
Immunostimulation Versus Immunosuppression after Multiple Vaccinations: the Woes of Therapeutic Vaccine Development
Clin. Cancer Res.,
November 15, 2009;
15(22):
6745 - 6747.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Hauschild, M. Weichenthal, K. Rass, R. Linse, J. Ulrich, R. Stadler, M. Volkenandt, S. Grabbe, U. Proske, D. Schadendorf, et al.
Prospective Randomized Multicenter Adjuvant Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group Trial of Low-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b With or Without a Modified High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Induction Phase in Patients With Lymph Node-Negative Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 20, 2009;
27(21):
3496 - 3502.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bottomley, C. Coens, S. Suciu, M. Santinami, W. Kruit, A. Testori, J. Marsden, C. Punt, F. Sales, M. Gore, et al.
Adjuvant Therapy With Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b Versus Observation in Resected Stage III Melanoma: A Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial of Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptoms by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 20, 2009;
27(18):
2916 - 2923.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Glaspy, A. Ribas, and B. Chmielowski
Interferon Alfa in the Postsurgical Management of High-Risk Melanoma: Is It Worth It?
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 20, 2009;
27(18):
2896 - 2897.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Grinshtein, B. Bridle, Y. Wan, and J. L. Bramson
Neoadjuvant Vaccination Provides Superior Protection against Tumor Relapse following Surgery Compared with Adjuvant Vaccination
Cancer Res.,
May 1, 2009;
69(9):
3979 - 3985.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Pectasides, U. Dafni, D. Bafaloukos, D. Skarlos, A. Polyzos, D. Tsoutsos, H. Kalofonos, G. Fountzilas, P. Panagiotou, G. Kokkalis, et al.
Randomized Phase III Study of 1 Month Versus 1 Year of Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in Patients With Resected High-Risk Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 20, 2009;
27(6):
939 - 944.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Kirkwood, S. Lee, S. J. Moschos, M. R. Albertini, J. C. Michalak, C. Sander, T. Whiteside, L. H. Butterfield, and L. Weiner
Immunogenicity and Antitumor Effects of Vaccination with Peptide Vaccine +/- Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and/or IFN-{alpha}2b in Advanced Metastatic Melanoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II Trial E1696
Clin. Cancer Res.,
February 15, 2009;
15(4):
1443 - 1451.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Tarhini, J. Stuckert, S. Lee, C. Sander, and J. M. Kirkwood
Prognostic Significance of Serum S100B Protein in High-Risk Surgically Resected Melanoma Patients Participating in Intergroup Trial ECOG 1694
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 1, 2009;
27(1):
38 - 44.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Wang, H. D. Edington, U. N.M. Rao, D. M. Jukic, A. Radfar, H. Wang, and J. M. Kirkwood
Effects of High-Dose IFN{alpha}2b on Regional Lymph Node Metastases of Human Melanoma: Modulation of STAT5, FOXP3, and IL-17
Clin. Cancer Res.,
December 15, 2008;
14(24):
8314 - 8320.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Kirkwood, A. A. Tarhini, M. C. Panelli, S. J. Moschos, H. M. Zarour, L. H. Butterfield, and H. J. Gogas
Next Generation of Immunotherapy for Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 10, 2008;
26(20):
3445 - 3455.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Zimmerer, A. M. Lehman, A. S. Ruppert, C. W. Noble, T. Olencki, M. J. Walker, K. Kendra, and W. E. Carson III
IFN-{alpha}-2b-Induced Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation in Patient Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Not Enhanced by a Dose Increase from 5 to 10 Megaunits/m2
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2008;
14(5):
1438 - 1445.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Slingluff Jr., G. R. Petroni, K. A. Chianese-Bullock, M. E. Smolkin, S. Hibbitts, C. Murphy, N. Johansen, W. W. Grosh, G. V. Yamshchikov, P. Y. Neese, et al.
Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial of Two Multipeptide Vaccines for Melanoma in the Adjuvant Setting
Clin. Cancer Res.,
November 1, 2007;
13(21):
6386 - 6395.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kaae, J. Wohlfahrt, H. A. Boyd, H. C. Wulf, R. J. Biggar, and M. Melbye
The Impact of Autoimmune Diseases on the Incidence and Prognosis of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.,
September 1, 2007;
16(9):
1840 - 1844.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sabbatini and K. Odunsi
Immunologic Approaches to Ovarian Cancer Treatment
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 10, 2007;
25(20):
2884 - 2893.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Cormier, Y. Xing, M. Ding, S. B. Cantor, K. J. Salter, J. E. Lee, P. F. Mansfield, J. E. Gershenwald, and M. I. Ross
Cost Effectiveness of Adjuvant Interferon in Node-Positive Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 10, 2007;
25(17):
2442 - 2448.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Y. Tsai
Systemic Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With High-Risk Melanoma
Arch Dermatol,
June 1, 2007;
143(6):
779 - 782.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Mitchell, J. Abrams, J. A. Thompson, M. Kashani-Sabet, R. C. DeConti, W.-J. Hwu, M. B. Atkins, E. Whitman, M. S. Ernstoff, F. G. Haluska, et al.
Randomized Trial of an Allogeneic Melanoma Lysate Vaccine With Low-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Compared With High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b for Resected Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
May 20, 2007;
25(15):
2078 - 2085.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Zimmerer, G. B. Lesinski, S. V. Kondadasula, V. I. Karpa, A. Lehman, A. RayChaudhury, B. Becknell, and W. E. Carson III
IFN-{alpha}-Induced Signal Transduction, Gene Expression, and Antitumor Activity of Immune Effector Cells Are Negatively Regulated by Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins
J. Immunol.,
April 15, 2007;
178(8):
4832 - 4845.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. N. Markovic, L. A. Erickson, R. D. Rao, R. H. Weenig, B. A. Pockaj, A. Bardia, C. M. Vachon, S. E. Schild, R. R. McWilliams, J. L. Hand, et al.
Malignant Melanoma in the 21st Century, Part 2: Staging, Prognosis, and Treatment
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
April 1, 2007;
82(4):
490 - 513.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Wang, H. D. Edington, U. N.M. Rao, D. M. Jukic, S. R. Land, S. Ferrone, and J. M. Kirkwood
Modulation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 1 and 3 Signaling in Melanoma by High-Dose IFN{alpha}2b
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2007;
13(5):
1523 - 1531.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Thompson, F. S. Hodi, and A. Zembowicz
Case 2-2007 -- A 49-Year-Old Woman with a Pigmented Lesion on the Arm
N. Engl. J. Med.,
January 18, 2007;
356(3):
285 - 292.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Hamid, J. C. Solomon, R. Scotland, M. Garcia, S. Sian, W. Ye, S. L. Groshen, and J. S. Weber
Alum with Interleukin-12 Augments Immunity to a Melanoma Peptide Vaccine: Correlation with Time to Relapse in Patients with Resected High-Risk Disease
Clin. Cancer Res.,
January 1, 2007;
13(1):
215 - 222.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Gabri, Z. Mazorra, G. V. Ripoll, C. Mesa, L. E. Fernandez, D. E. Gomez, and D. F. Alonso
Complete Antitumor Protection by Perioperative Immunization with GM3/VSSP Vaccine in a Preclinical Mouse Melanoma Model
Clin. Cancer Res.,
December 1, 2006;
12(23):
7092 - 7098.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Chin, L. A. Garraway, and D. E. Fisher
Malignant melanoma: genetics and therapeutics in the genomic era.
Genes & Dev.,
August 15, 2006;
20(16):
2149 - 2182.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Moschos, H. D. Edington, S. R. Land, U. N. Rao, D. Jukic, J. Shipe-Spotloe, and J. M. Kirkwood
Neoadjuvant Treatment of Regional Stage IIIB Melanoma With High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Induces Objective Tumor Regression in Association With Modulation of Tumor Infiltrating Host Cellular Immune Responses
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 1, 2006;
24(19):
3164 - 3171.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Tarhini, J. Shipe-Spotloe, M. DeMark, S. S. Agarwala, and J. M. Kirkwood
Response to "Helping Melanoma Patients Decide Whether to Choose Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon-{alpha}2b".
Oncologist,
May 1, 2006;
11(5):
538 - 539.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. K. Sondak, M. S. Sabel, and J. J. Mule
Allogeneic and autologous melanoma vaccines: where have we been and where are we going?
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 1, 2006;
12(7 Pt 2):
2337s - 2341s.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Dummer, C. Garbe, J. A. Thompson, A. M. Eggermont, K. Yoo, T. Maier, and B. Bergstrom
Randomized Dose-Escalation Study Evaluating Peginterferon Alfa-2a in Patients With Metastatic Malignant Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 1, 2006;
24(7):
1188 - 1194.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Gogas, J. Ioannovich, U. Dafni, C. Stavropoulou-Giokas, K. Frangia, D. Tsoutsos, P. Panagiotou, A. Polyzos, O. Papadopoulos, A. Stratigos, et al.
Prognostic Significance of Autoimmunity during Treatment of Melanoma with Interferon
N. Engl. J. Med.,
February 16, 2006;
354(7):
709 - 718.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Hellerbrand, M. Muhlbauer, S. Wallner, M. Schuierer, I. Behrmann, F. Bataille, T. Weiss, J. Scholmerich, and A.-K. Bosserhoff
Promoter-hypermethylation is causing functional relevant downregulation of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Carcinogenesis,
January 1, 2006;
27(1):
64 - 72.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Kirkwood
Building Upon the Standard of Care in Adjuvant Therapy of High-Risk Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 1, 2005;
23(34):
8559 - 8563.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Richtig, H. P. Soyer, M. Posch, U. Mossbacher, P. Bauer, L. Teban, G. Svolba, I. H. Wolf, P. Fritsch, B. Zelger, et al.
Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing Adjuvant Interferon Alfa and Isotretinoin With Interferon Alfa Alone in Stage IIA and IIB Melanoma: European Cooperative Adjuvant Melanoma Treatment Study Group
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 1, 2005;
23(34):
8655 - 8663.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Nathan
Medical Oncology
Integr Cancer Ther,
September 1, 2005;
4(3):
251 - 253.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Carbone, I. F. Ciernik, M. J. Kelley, M. C. Smith, S. Nadaf, D. Kavanaugh, V. E. Maher, M. Stipanov, D. Contois, B. E. Johnson, et al.
Immunization With Mutant p53- and K-ras-Derived Peptides in Cancer Patients: Immune Response and Clinical Outcome
J. Clin. Oncol.,
August 1, 2005;
23(22):
5099 - 5107.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-F. Wong, J. G Jakowatz, and R. Taheri
Management of Hypertriglyceridemia in Patients Receiving Interferon for Malignant Melanoma
Ann. Pharmacother.,
October 1, 2004;
38(10):
1655 - 1659.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Tsao, M. B. Atkins, and A. J. Sober
Management of Cutaneous Melanoma
N. Engl. J. Med.,
September 2, 2004;
351(10):
998 - 1012.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. B. Lesinski, S. V. Kondadasula, T. Crespin, L. Shen, K. Kendra, M. Walker, and W. E. Carson III
Multiparametric Flow Cytometric Analysis of Inter-Patient Variation in STAT1 Phosphorylation Following Interferon Alfa Immunotherapy
J Natl Cancer Inst,
September 1, 2004;
96(17):
1331 - 1342.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. B. Lesinski, B. Badgwell, J. Zimmerer, T. Crespin, Y. Hu, G. Abood, and W. E. Carson III
IL-12 Pretreatments Enhance IFN-{alpha}-Induced Janus Kinase-STAT Signaling and Potentiate the Antitumor Effects of IFN-{alpha} in a Murine Model of Malignant Melanoma
J. Immunol.,
June 15, 2004;
172(12):
7368 - 7376.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Zou, S. Borrelli, M. Gilbert, T. Liu, R. A. Pon, and H. J. Jennings
Bioengineering of Surface GD3 Ganglioside for Immunotargeting Human Melanoma Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 11, 2004;
279(24):
25390 - 25399.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Kirkwood, J. Manola, J. Ibrahim, V. Sondak, M. S. Ernstoff, and U. Rao
A Pooled Analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Intergroup Trials of Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon for Melanoma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2004;
10(5):
1670 - 1677.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Mine, Y. Sato, M. Noguchi, T. Sasatomi, R. Gouhara, N. Tsuda, S. Tanaka, H. Shomura, K. Katagiri, T. Rikimaru, et al.
Humoral Responses to Peptides Correlate with Overall Survival in Advanced Cancer Patients Vaccinated with Peptides Based on Pre-existing, Peptide-Specific Cellular Responses
Clin. Cancer Res.,
February 1, 2004;
10(3):
929 - 937.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Schuchter
Adjuvant Interferon Therapy for Melanoma: High-Dose, Low-Dose, No Dose, Which Dose?
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 1, 2004;
22(1):
7 - 10.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.W. Hancock, K. Wheatley, S. Harris, N. Ives, G. Harrison, J.M. Horsman, M.R. Middleton, N. Thatcher, P.C. Lorigan, J.R. Marsden, et al.
Adjuvant Interferon in High-Risk Melanoma: The AIM HIGH Study--United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research Randomized Study of Adjuvant Low-Dose Extended-Duration Interferon Alfa-2a in High-Risk Resected Malignant Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 1, 2004;
22(1):
53 - 61.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Moschos, J. M. Kirkwood, and P. A. Konstantinopoulos
Present Status and Future Prospects for Adjuvant Therapy of Melanoma: Time to Build upon the Foundation of High-dose Interferon Alfa-2b
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 1, 2004;
22(1):
11 - 14.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Ready and M. A. Weinstock
Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon Therapy for High-Risk Melanoma
Arch Dermatol,
December 1, 2003;
139(12):
1635 - 1637.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Astsaturov, T. Petrella, E. U. Bagriacik, M. de Benedette, R. Uger, G. Lumber, N. Berinstein, I. Elias, N. Iscoe, C. Hammond, et al.
Amplification of Virus-Induced Antimelanoma T-Cell Reactivity by High-Dose Interferon-{alpha}2b: Implications for Cancer Vaccines
Clin. Cancer Res.,
October 1, 2003;
9(12):
4347 - 4355.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Sabel and V. K. Sondak
Pros and Cons of Adjuvant Interferon in the Treatment of Melanoma
Oncologist,
October 1, 2003;
8(5):
451 - 458.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Hauschild, M. Weichenthal, B.-R. Balda, J. C. Becker, H. H. Wolff, W. Tilgen, K.-W. Schulte, J. Ring, D. Schadendorf, S. Lischner, et al.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Interferon Alfa-2b and Interleukin-2 as Adjuvant Treatment for Resected Intermediate- and High-Risk Primary Melanoma Without Clinically Detectable Node Metastasis
J. Clin. Oncol.,
August 1, 2003;
21(15):
2883 - 2888.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Behrmann, S. Wallner, W. Komyod, P. C. Heinrich, M. Schuierer, R. Buettner, and A.-K. Bosserhoff
Characterization of Methylthioadenosin Phosphorylase (MTAP) Expression in Malignant Melanoma
Am. J. Pathol.,
August 1, 2003;
163(2):
683 - 690.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Wascher, D. L. Morton, C. Kuo, R. M. Elashoff, H.-J. Wang, M. Gerami, and D. S.B. Hoon
Molecular Tumor Markers in the Blood: Early Prediction of Disease Outcome in Melanoma Patients Treated With a Melanoma Vaccine
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 1, 2003;
21(13):
2558 - 2563.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Parmiani, L. Pilla, C. Castelli, and L. Rivoltini
Vaccination of patients with solid tumours
Ann. Onc.,
June 1, 2003;
14(6):
817 - 824.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Moschella, B. Bisikirska, A. Maffei, K. P. Papadopoulos, D. Skerrett, Z. Liu, C. S. Hesdorffer, and P. E. Harris
Gene Expression Profiling and Functional Activity of Human Dendritic Cells Induced with IFN-{alpha}-2b: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy
Clin. Cancer Res.,
June 1, 2003;
9(6):
2022 - 2031.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Carr, E. Rodriguez, M. del Carmen Arango, R. Camacho, M. Osorio, M. Gabri, G. Carrillo, Z. Valdes, Y. Bebelagua, R. Perez, et al.
Immunotherapy of Advanced Breast Cancer With a Heterophilic Ganglioside (NeuGcGM3) Cancer Vaccine
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 15, 2003;
21(6):
1015 - 1021.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Kefford
Adjuvant therapy of cutaneous melanoma: the interferon debate
Ann. Onc.,
March 1, 2003;
14(3):
358 - 365.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Wolchok and P. B. Chapman
How Can We Tell When Cancer Vaccines Vaccinate?
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 15, 2003;
21(4):
586 - 587.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Jakub, S. Pendas, and D. S. Reintgen
Current Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy: Facts and Controversies
Oncologist,
February 1, 2003;
8(1):
59 - 68.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Hersey, A. S. Coates, W. H. McCarthy, J. F. Thompson, R. W. Sillar, R. McLeod, P. G. Gill, B. J. Coventry, A. McMullen, H. Dillon, et al.
Adjuvant Immunotherapy of Patients With High-Risk Melanoma Using Vaccinia Viral Lysates of Melanoma: Results of a Randomized Trial
J. Clin. Oncol.,
October 15, 2002;
20(20):
4181 - 4190.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Mellado, M. del Carmen Vela, D. Colomer, L. Gutierrez, T. Castel, L. Quinto, M. Fontanillas, N. Reguart, J. M. Domingo-Domenech, C. Montagut, et al.
Tyrosinase mRNA in Blood of Patients With Melanoma Treated With Adjuvant Interferon
J. Clin. Oncol.,
October 1, 2002;
20(19):
4032 - 4039.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Kirkwood, J. Ibrahim, V. K. Sondak, M. S. Ernstoff, L. Flaherty, F. J. Haluska, M.B. Lens, and M. Dawes
Use and Abuse of Statistics in Evidence-Based Medicine
J. Clin. Oncol.,
October 1, 2002;
20(19):
4122 - 4124.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Bukowski, M. S. Ernstoff, M. E. Gore, J. J. Nemunaitis, R. Amato, S. K. Gupta, and C. L. Tendler
Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b Treatment for Patients With Solid Tumors: A Phase I/II Study
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 15, 2002;
20(18):
3841 - 3949.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Kirkwood, C. Bender, S. Agarwala, A. Tarhini, J. Shipe-Spotloe, B. Smelko, S. Donnelly, and L. Stover
Mechanisms and Management of Toxicities Associated With High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Therapy
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 1, 2002;
20(17):
3703 - 3718.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Thome, C. L. Loprinzi, and M. P. Heldebrant
Determination of Potential Adjuvant Systemic Therapy Benefits for Patients With Resected Cutaneous Melanomas
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
September 1, 2002;
77(9):
913 - 917.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Mariani, M. Gipponi, L. Moresco, G. Villa, M. Bartolomei, G. Mazzarol, M. C. Bagnara, A. Romanini, F. Cafiero, G. Paganelli, et al.
Radioguided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Malignant Cutaneous Melanoma*
J. Nucl. Med.,
June 1, 2002;
43(6):
811 - 827.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Kretschmer, C. Neumann, B. Coldiron, S. Dinehart, J. M. Kirkwood, S. S. Agarwala, J. Ibrahim, J. Manola, V. K. Sondak, M. S. Ernstoff, et al.
Sentinel-Node Technique Will Change the Design of Clinical Trials in Malignant Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
April 15, 2002;
20(8):
2208 - 2210.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Brassard, M. J. Grace, and R. W. Bordens
Interferon-{alpha} as an immunotherapeutic protein
J. Leukoc. Biol.,
April 1, 2002;
71(4):
565 - 581.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Kilbridge, B. F. Cole, J. M. Kirkwood, F. G. Haluska, M. A. Atkins, J. C. Ruckdeschel, D. E. Sock, R. F. Nease Jr, and J. C. Weeks
Quality-of-Life-Adjusted Survival Analysis of High-Dose Adjuvant Interferon Alfa-2b for High-Risk Melanoma Patients Using Intergroup Clinical Trial Data
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 1, 2002;
20(5):
1311 - 1318.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. I. Salti, A. Kansagra, M. A. Warso, S. G. Ronan, and T. K. Das Gupta
Clinical Node-Negative Thick Melanoma
Arch Surg,
March 1, 2002;
137(3):
291 - 295.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Wilson, J. M. Kirkwood, J. Ibrahim, and J. Manola
High-Dose Interferon Versus GM2 Vaccine in High-Risk Malignant Melanoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 1, 2001;
19(23):
4350 - 4350.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. van Londen, B. Mascarenhas, and J. M. Kirkwood
Rhabdomyolysis, When Observed With High-Dose Interferon-Alfa (HDI) Therapy, Does Not Always Exclude Resumption of HDI
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 1, 2001;
19(17):
3794 - 3794.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Livingston
The Unfulfilled Promise of Melanoma Vaccines
Clin. Cancer Res.,
July 1, 2001;
7(7):
1837 - 1838.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
