Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 2, 336-352, Copyright © 1984 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Interferons in the treatment of human cancer
JM Kirkwood and MS Ernstoff
The interferons are the best known of biologic antineoplastic agents.
Progress with the clinical application of interferons to cancer has been
slow and complicated by the need for attention to a new spectrum of
therapeutic and toxic effects manifest by the interferons. This summary of
current phase I and II trial results with the interferons establishes their
clinical potential. The maximally tolerated dosages of the most common
species of interferon alpha produced in eukaryotic cells as well as by
recombinant DNA technology in bacteria are now described in a variety of
different disease states. "Naturally" produced eukaryotic as well as
bacterially synthesized interferons have a similar, wide range of biologic
effects in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral, antiproliferative, immunologic,
and enzymologic functions of the interferons relevant to antineoplastic
functions are under study. Knowledge of these mechanisms should improve the
clinical results obtained in human cancer. Species and subspecies
differences in the activity of interferons may lead to selective use of the
pure interferon subspecies, alone or in combination. The use of the
interferons and other antineoplastic biologics, such as antibody or
chemotherapy, are subsequent goals that are now on the horizon.
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