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Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 20, Issue 12 (June), 2002: 2812-2823
© 2002 American Society for Clinical Oncology

Superior Survival With Capecitabine Plus Docetaxel Combination Therapy in Anthracycline-Pretreated Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase III Trial Results

By Joyce O’Shaughnessy, David Miles, Svetislava Vukelja, Vladimir Moiseyenko, Jean-Pierre Ayoub, Guadalupe Cervantes, Pierre Fumoleau, Stephen Jones, Wing-Yiu Lui, Louis Mauriac, Chris Twelves, Guy Van Hazel, Shailendra Verma, Robert Leonard

From the Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, and US Oncology, Houston, TX; Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Petrov Research Institute, St Petersburg, Russia; Hopital Notre Dame, Montreal, and Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Canada; Issste Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico; Centre Rene Gauducheau Nantes-Atlantique, Saint Herblain, and Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Beatson Oncology Centre, Glasgow, and Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland; and Perth Oncology, Perth, Western Australia.

Address reprint requests to Joyce O’Shaughnessy, MD, Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center and US Oncology, 3535 Worth St, 5th Floor, Dallas, TX 75246; email: joyce.o'shaughnessy{at}usoncology.com

PURPOSE: Docetaxel and capecitabine, a tumor-activated oral fluoropyrimidine, show high single-agent efficacy in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and synergy in preclinical studies. This international phase III trial compared efficacy and tolerability of capecitabine/docetaxel therapy with single-agent docetaxel in anthracycline-pretreated patients with MBC.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized to 21-day cycles of oral capecitabine 1,250 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14 plus docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1 (n = 255) or to docetaxel 100 mg/m2 on day 1 (n = 256).

RESULTS: Capecitabine/docetaxel resulted in significantly superior efficacy in time to disease progression (TTP) (hazard ratio, 0.652; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.545 to 0.780; P = .0001; median, 6.1 v 4.2 months), overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.775; 95% CI, 0.634 to 0.947; P = .0126; median, 14.5 v 11.5 months), and objective tumor response rate (42% v 30%, P = .006) compared with docetaxel. Gastrointestinal side effects and hand-foot syndrome were more common with combination therapy, whereas myalgia, arthralgia, and neutropenic fever/sepsis were more common with single-agent docetaxel. More grade 3 adverse events occurred with combination therapy (71% v 49%, respectively), whereas grade 4 events were slightly more common with docetaxel (31% v 25% with combination).

CONCLUSION: The significantly superior TTP and survival achieved with the addition of capecitabine to docetaxel 75 mg/m2, with the manageable toxicity profile, indicate that this combination provides clear benefits over single-agent docetaxel 100 mg/m2. Docetaxel/capecitabine therapy is an important treatment option for women with anthracycline-pretreated MBC.

Some authors have received more than $2,000 a year working in a consultant capacity or by performing contract work within the past 2 years for either Roche, Nutley, NJ, or Aventis, Bridgewater, NJ (D.M., S.Vukelja, P.F., and R.L.) or both (J.O., S.J., C.T., and G.V.H).


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M. G. Fakih, P. J. Creaven, N. Ramnath, D. Trump, M. Javle, S. Strychor, T. V.W. Repinski, B. A. Zamboni, J. K. Schwarz, R. A. French, et al.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Weekly Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Daily Capecitabine in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Clin. Cancer Res., August 15, 2005; 11(16): 5942 - 5949.
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S. Chan, M. E. Scheulen, S. Johnston, K. Mross, F. Cardoso, C. Dittrich, W. Eiermann, D. Hess, R. Morant, V. Semiglazov, et al.
Phase II Study of Temsirolimus (CCI-779), a Novel Inhibitor of mTOR, in Heavily Pretreated Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol., August 10, 2005; 23(23): 5314 - 5322.
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B. T. Hennessy, A. M. Gauthier, L. B. Michaud, G. Hortobagyi, and V. Valero
Lower dose capecitabine has a more favorable therapeutic index in metastatic breast cancer: retrospective analysis of patients treated at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and a review of capecitabine toxicity in the literature
Ann. Onc., August 1, 2005; 16(8): 1289 - 1296.
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G. Frasci, G. D'Aiuto, P. Comella, R. Thomas, G. Botti, M. Di Bonito, M. D'Aiuto, G. Romano, M. R. Rubulotta, G. Comella, et al.
A 2-month cisplatin-epirubicin-paclitaxel (PET) weekly combination as primary systemic therapy for large operable breast cancer: a phase II study
Ann. Onc., August 1, 2005; 16(8): 1268 - 1275.
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G. Beutel, H. Glen, P. Schoffski, J. Chick, S. Gill, J. Cassidy, and C. Twelves
Phase I Study of OSI-7904L, a Novel Liposomal Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors
Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2005; 11(15): 5487 - 5495.
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C. L. Vogel and E. Tan-Chiu
Trastuzumab Plus Chemotherapy: Convincing Survival Benefit or Not?
J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 2005; 23(19): 4247 - 4250.
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J-Y Han, E K Hong, S Y Lee, S M Yoon, D H Lee, and J S Lee
Thymidine phosphorylase expression in tumour cells and tumour response to capecitabine plus docetaxel chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
J. Clin. Pathol., June 1, 2005; 58(6): 650 - 654.
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O. Feher, P. Vodvarka, J. Jassem, G. Morack, S. H. Advani, K. S. Khoo, D. C. Doval, S. Ermisch, D. Roychowdhury, M. A. Miller, et al.
First-line gemcitabine versus epirubicin in postmenopausal women aged 60 or older with metastatic breast cancer: a multicenter, randomized, phase III study
Ann. Onc., June 1, 2005; 16(6): 899 - 908.
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S. Noguchi, H. Koyama, J. Uchino, R. Abe, S. Miura, K. Sugimachi, K. Akazawa, and O. Abe
Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy With Tamoxifen, Tegafur Plus Uracil, or Both in Women With Node-Negative Breast Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Six Randomized Controlled Trials
J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2005; 23(10): 2172 - 2184.
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C. Burgess, V. Cornelius, S. Love, J. Graham, M. Richards, and A. Ramirez
Depression and anxiety in women with early breast cancer: five year observational cohort study
BMJ, March 26, 2005; 330(7493): 702.
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A. Hamilton and G. Hortobagyi
Chemotherapy: What Progress in the Last 5 Years?
J. Clin. Oncol., March 10, 2005; 23(8): 1760 - 1775.
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C. Zielinski, S. Beslija, Z. Mrsic-Krmpotic, M. Welnicka-Jaskiewicz, C. Wiltschke, Z. Kahan, M. Grgic, V. Tzekova, M. Inbar, J. Cervek, et al.
Gemcitabine, Epirubicin, and Paclitaxel Versus Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, and Cyclophosphamide As First-Line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Central European Cooperative Oncology Group International, Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Phase III Trial
J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2005; 23(7): 1401 - 1408.
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T. Kindwall-Keller, G. A. Otterson, D. Young, A. Neki, T. Criswell, G. Nuovo, R. Soong, R. Diasio, and M. A. Villalona-Calero
Phase II Evaluation of Docetaxel-Modulated Capecitabine in Previously Treated Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2005; 11(5): 1870 - 1876.
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M. Michael and M.M. Doherty
Tumoral Drug Metabolism: Overview and Its Implications for Cancer Therapy
J. Clin. Oncol., January 1, 2005; 23(1): 205 - 229.
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A. Welt, G. von Minckwitz, C. Oberhoff, D. Borquez, R. Schleucher, S. Loibl, A. Harstrick, M. Kaufmann, S. Seeber, and U. Vanhoefer
Phase I/II study of capecitabine and vinorelbine in pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer
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C. Bernard-Marty, F. Cardoso, and M. J. Piccart
Facts and Controversies in Systemic Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Oncologist, November 1, 2004; 9(6): 617 - 632.
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P. F. Lebowitz, J. Eng-Wong, S. M. Swain, A. Berman, M. J. Merino, C. K. Chow, D. Venzon, F. Zia, D. Danforth, E. Liu, et al.
A Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel and Capecitabine for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., October 15, 2004; 10(20): 6764 - 6769.
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Y. S. Heo, H. M. Chang, T. W. Kim, M.-H. Ryu, J.-H. Ahn, S. B. Kim, J. S. Lee, W. K. Kim, H. K. Cho, and Y.-K. Kang
Hand-Foot Syndrome in Patients Treated With Capecitabine-Containing Combination Chemotherapy
J. Clin. Pharmacol., October 1, 2004; 44(10): 1166 - 1172.
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F. Andre, K. Slimane, T. Bachelot, A. Dunant, M. Namer, A. Barrelier, O. Kabbaj, J. P. Spano, H. Marsiglia, R. Rouzier, et al.
Breast Cancer With Synchronous Metastases: Trends in Survival During a 14-Year Period
J. Clin. Oncol., August 15, 2004; 22(16): 3302 - 3308.
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B. Ejlertsen, H. T. Mouridsen, S. T. Langkjer, J. Andersen, J. Sjostrom, and M. Kjaer
Phase III Study of Intravenous Vinorelbine in Combination With Epirubicin Versus Epirubicin Alone in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer: A Scandinavian Breast Group Trial (SBG9403)
J. Clin. Oncol., June 15, 2004; 22(12): 2313 - 2320.
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W. J. Gradishar, L. A. Meza, B. Amin, D. Samid, T. Hill, Y.-M. Chen, E. E. Lower, and P. K. Marcom
Capecitabine Plus Paclitaxel As Front-Line Combination Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Phase II Study
J. Clin. Oncol., June 15, 2004; 22(12): 2321 - 2327.
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J. Crown, M. O'Leary, and W.-S. Ooi
Docetaxel and Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Review of Clinical Experience
Oncologist, June 2, 2004; 9(suppl_2): 24 - 32.
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P. M. Hoff, R. Pazdur, Y. Lassere, S. Carter, D. Samid, D. Polito, and J. L. Abbruzzese
Phase II Study of Capecitabine in Patients With Fluorouracil-Resistant Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma
J. Clin. Oncol., June 1, 2004; 22(11): 2078 - 2083.
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M. D. Pegram, T. Pienkowski, D. W. Northfelt, W. Eiermann, R. Patel, P. Fumoleau, E. Quan, J. Crown, D. Toppmeyer, M. Smylie, et al.
Results of Two Open-Label, Multicenter Phase II Studies of Docetaxel, Platinum Salts, and Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer
J Natl Cancer Inst, May 19, 2004; 96(10): 759 - 769.
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A. Iop, A. M. Manfredi, and S. Bonura
Fatigue in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: an analysis of published studies
Ann. Onc., May 1, 2004; 15(5): 712 - 720.
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Y. Kondo, M. Terashima, A. Sato, and T. Taguchi
A Pilot Phase II Study of Capecitabine in Advanced or Recurrent Colorectal Cancer
Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2004; 34(4): 195 - 201.
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P. L. R. Mitchell, R. Basser, M. Chipman, A. Grigg, R. Mansfield, J. Cebon, I. D. Davis, F. Appia, and M. Green
A phase II study of escalated-dose docetaxel with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support in patients with advanced breast cancer
Ann. Onc., April 1, 2004; 15(4): 585 - 589.
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L. Reyno, L. Seymour, D. Tu, S. Dent, K. Gelmon, B. Walley, A. Pluzanska, V. Gorbunova, A. Garin, J. Jassem, et al.
Phase III Study of N,N-Diethyl-2-[4-(Phenylmethyl) Phenoxy]Ethanamine (BMS-217380-01) Combined With Doxorubicin Versus Doxorubicin Alone in Metastatic/Recurrent Breast Cancer: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study MA.19
J. Clin. Oncol., January 15, 2004; 22(2): 269 - 276.
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A. Alexopoulos, D. Tryfonopoulos, M. V. Karamouzis, G. Gerasimidis, I. Karydas, K. Kandilis, J. Stavrakakis, H. Stavrinides, C. Georganta, A. Ardavanis, et al.
Evidence for in vivo synergism between docetaxel and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer
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G. W. Sledge Jr
Preoperative Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects
J. Clin. Oncol., December 15, 2003; 21(24): 4481 - 4482.
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P. Gilbar
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, December 1, 2003; 9(4): 137 - 150.
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