Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2002.06.037 on July 1 2002
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 20, Issue 17
(September), 2002: 3719-3736
© 2002 American Society for Clinical Oncology
American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines: The Role of Bisphosphonates in Multiple Myeloma
By James R. Berenson,
Bruce E. Hillner,
Robert A. Kyle,
Ken Anderson,
Allan Lipton,
Gary C. Yee,
J. Sybil Biermann for the American Society of Clinical Oncology Bisphosphonates Expert Panel
From the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Health Services Research Department, Alexandria, VA.
This article was published ahead of print at www.jco.org.Address reprint requests to: American Society of Clinical Oncology, Health Services Research Department, 1900 Duke St, Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314; email: guidelines{at}asco.org
PURPOSE: To determine clinical practice guidelines for the use of bisphosphonates in the prevention and treatment of lytic bone disease in multiple myeloma and to determine their respective role relative to other conventional therapies for this condition.
METHODS: An expert multidisciplinary Panel reviewed pertinent information from the published literature through January 2002. Values for levels of evidence and grade of recommendation were assigned by expert reviewers and approved by the Panel. Expert consensus was used if there were insufficient published data. The Panel addressed which patients to treat and when to treat them in the course of their disease. Additionally, specific drug delivery issues, duration of therapy, initiation of treatment and management of treatment of lytic bone disease was reviewed and compared with other forms of therapy for lytic bone lesions. Finally, the Panel discussed patient and physician expectations associated with this therapy for bony metastases, as well as public policy implications related to the use of bisphosphonates. The guidelines underwent external review by selected physicians, by the Health Services Research Committee members, and by the ASCO Board of Directors.
RESULTS: The available evidence involving randomized controlled trials is modest but supports that oral clodronate, intravenous pamidronate, and intravenous zoledronic acid are superior to placebo in reducing skeletal complications. A reduction in vertebral fractures has consistently been seen across all studies. No agent has shown a definitive survival benefit. Intravenous zoledronic acid has recently been shown to be as effective as intravenous pamidronate. Because there are no direct comparisons between clodronate and pamidronate or zoledronic acid, the superiority of one agent cannot be definitively established. However, the panel recommends only intravenous pamidronate or zoledronic acid in light of the use of the time to first skeletal event as the primary end point and more complete assessment of bony complications in studies evaluating it. Additionally, clodronate is not available in the United States. The choice between pamidronate and zoledronic acid will depend on choosing between the higher drug cost of zoledronic acid, with its shorter, more convenient infusion time (15 minutes), versus the less expensive drug, pamidronate, with its longer infusion time (2 hours).
CONCLUSION: Bisphosphonates provide a meaningful supportive benefit to multiple myeloma patients with lytic bone disease. However, further research on bisphosphonates is warranted, including the following: (1) when to start and stop therapy, (2) how to integrate their use with other treatments for lytic bone disease, (3) how to evaluate their role in myeloma patients without lytic bone involvement, (4) how to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic bony events, and (5) how to better determine their cost-benefit consequence.

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Facebook Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Pozzi, S. Vallet, S. Mukherjee, D. Cirstea, N. Vaghela, L. Santo, E. Rosen, H. Ikeda, Y. Okawa, T. Kiziltepe, et al.
High-Dose Zoledronic Acid Impacts Bone Remodeling with Effects on Osteoblastic Lineage and Bone Mechanical Properties
Clin. Cancer Res.,
September 15, 2009;
15(18):
5829 - 5839.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Terpos, O. Sezer, P. I. Croucher, R. Garcia-Sanz, M. Boccadoro, J. San Miguel, J. Ashcroft, J. Blade, M. Cavo, M. Delforge, et al.
The use of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: recommendations of an expert panel on behalf of the European Myeloma Network
Ann. Onc.,
August 1, 2009;
20(8):
1303 - 1317.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Fizazi, A. Lipton, X. Mariette, J.-J. Body, Y. Rahim, J. R. Gralow, G. Gao, L. Wu, W. Sohn, and S. Jun
Randomized Phase II Trial of Denosumab in Patients With Bone Metastases From Prostate Cancer, Breast Cancer, or Other Neoplasms After Intravenous Bisphosphonates
J. Clin. Oncol.,
April 1, 2009;
27(10):
1564 - 1571.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Van den Wyngaert, M. T. Huizing, E. Fossion, and J. B. Vermorken
Bisphosphonates in Oncology: Rising Stars or Fallen Heroes
Oncologist,
February 1, 2009;
14(2):
181 - 191.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. T. Drake, B. L. Clarke, and S. Khosla
Bisphosphonates: Mechanism of Action and Role in Clinical Practice
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
September 1, 2008;
83(9):
1032 - 1045.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Khan
Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw
Can Fam Physician,
July 1, 2008;
54(7):
1019 - 1021.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Raje, S.-B. Woo, K. Hande, J. T. Yap, P. G. Richardson, S. Vallet, N. Treister, T. Hideshima, N. Sheehy, S. Chhetri, et al.
Clinical, Radiographic, and Biochemical Characterization of Multiple Myeloma Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 15, 2008;
14(8):
2387 - 2395.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. B. Dodson, N. S. Raje, P. A. Caruso, and A. E. Rosenberg
Case 9-2008 -- A 65-Year-Old Woman with a Nonhealing Ulcer of the Jaw
N. Engl. J. Med.,
March 20, 2008;
358(12):
1283 - 1291.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S.L. Ruggiero and S.J. Drew
Osteonecrosis of the Jaws and Bisphosphonate Therapy
Journal of Dental Research,
November 1, 2007;
86(11):
1013 - 1021.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Z. Orlowski, A. Nagler, P. Sonneveld, J. Blade, R. Hajek, A. Spencer, J. San Miguel, T. Robak, A. Dmoszynska, N. Horvath, et al.
Randomized Phase III Study of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Plus Bortezomib Compared With Bortezomib Alone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Combination Therapy Improves Time to Progression
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 1, 2007;
25(25):
3892 - 3901.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. T. Petrucci, C. Gallucci, A. Agrillo, M. C. Mustazza, and R. Fo
Role of ozone therapy in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaws in multiple myeloma patients
Haematologica,
September 1, 2007;
92(9):
1289 - 1290.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Terpos, O. Sezer, P. Croucher, and M.-A. Dimopoulos
Myeloma bone disease and proteasome inhibition therapies
Blood,
August 15, 2007;
110(4):
1098 - 1104.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Bergner, D. M. Henrich, M. Hoffmann, A. Honecker, G. Mikus, B. Nauth, D. Nagel, and M. Uppenkamp
Renal Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Ibandronate in Multiple Myeloma Patients With or Without Impaired Renal Function
J. Clin. Pharmacol.,
August 1, 2007;
47(8):
942 - 950.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. D Krueger, P. M West, M. Sargent, A. E Lodolce, and A S. Pickard
Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Ann. Pharmacother.,
February 1, 2007;
41(2):
276 - 284.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Tosi, E. Zamagni, D. Cangini, P. Tacchetti, F. Di Raimondo, L. Catalano, A. D'Arco, S. Ronconi, C. Cellini, M. Offidani, et al.
Osteonecrosis of the jaws in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients treated with zoledronic acid and thalidomide-dexamethasone.
Blood,
December 15, 2006;
108(12):
3951 - 3952.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. L de Lemos, S. C Taylor, J. B Barnett, F. Hu, A. Levin, V. Moravan, and S. E O'Reilly
Renal safety of 1-hour pamidronate infusion for breast cancer and multiple myeloma patients: comparison between clinical trials and population-based database
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice,
December 1, 2006;
12(4):
193 - 199.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Singhal and J. Mehta
Multiple Myeloma
Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.,
November 1, 2006;
1(6):
1322 - 1330.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. S. Yeh and J. R. Berenson
Treatment for myeloma bone disease.
Clin. Cancer Res.,
October 15, 2006;
12(20):
6279s - 6284s.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G Sanna, L Preda, R Bruschini, M Cossu Rocca, S Ferretti, L Adamoli, E Verri, L Franceschelli, A Goldhirsch, and F Nole
Bisphosphonates and jaw osteonecrosis in patients with advanced breast cancer
Ann. Onc.,
October 1, 2006;
17(10):
1512 - 1516.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. R. Smith
Bisphosphonates for Metastatic Bone Disease -- Too Much of a Good Thing?
IBMS BoneKEy,
September 1, 2006;
3(9):
24 - 27.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Van den Wyngaert, M. T. Huizing, and J. B. Vermorken
Bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaw: cause and effect or a post hoc fallacy?
Ann. Onc.,
August 1, 2006;
17(8):
1197 - 1204.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Q. Lacy, A. Dispenzieri, M. A. Gertz, P. R. Greipp, K. L. Gollbach, S. R. Hayman, S. Kumar, J. A. Lust, S. V. Rajkumar, S. J. Russell, et al.
Mayo Clinic Consensus Statement for the Use of Bisphosphonates in Multiple Myeloma
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
August 1, 2006;
81(8):
1047 - 1053.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Tanvetyanon and P. J. Stiff
Management of the adverse effects associated with intravenous bisphosphonates
Ann. Onc.,
June 1, 2006;
17(6):
897 - 907.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Carneiro, P. Vibhute, A. Montazem, and P.M. Som
Bisphosphonate-associated mandibular osteonecrosis.
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol.,
May 1, 2006;
27(5):
1096 - 1097.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Badros, D. Weikel, A. Salama, O. Goloubeva, A. Schneider, A. Rapoport, R. Fenton, N. Gahres, E. Sausville, R. Ord, et al.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Multiple Myeloma Patients: Clinical Features and Risk Factors
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 20, 2006;
24(6):
945 - 952.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Van Poznak
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
J. Oncol. Pract,
January 1, 2006;
2(1):
3 - 4.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Ruggiero, J. Gralow, R. E. Marx, A. O. Hoff, M. M. Schubert, J. M. Huryn, B. Toth, K. Damato, and V. Valero
Practical Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients With Cancer
J. Oncol. Pract,
January 1, 2006;
2(1):
7 - 14.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Z. Orlowski
Initial Therapy of Multiple Myeloma Patients Who Are Not Candidates for Stem Cell Transplantation
Hematology,
January 1, 2006;
2006(1):
338 - 347.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Bamias, E. Kastritis, C. Bamia, L. A. Moulopoulos, I. Melakopoulos, G. Bozas, V. Koutsoukou, D. Gika, A. Anagnostopoulos, C. Papadimitriou, et al.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Cancer After Treatment With Bisphosphonates: Incidence and Risk Factors
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 1, 2005;
23(34):
8580 - 8587.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. D. MELO and G. OBEID
Osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients with a history of receiving bisphosphonate therapy: Strategies for prevention and early recognition
J Am Dent Assoc,
December 1, 2005;
136(12):
1675 - 1681.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. D. Michaelson and M. R. Smith
Bisphosphonates for Treatment and Prevention of Bone Metastases
J. Clin. Oncol.,
November 10, 2005;
23(32):
8219 - 8224.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Miwa, A. Mizokami, E. T. Keller, R. Taichman, J. Zhang, and M. Namiki
The Bisphosphonate YM529 Inhibits Osteolytic and Osteoblastic Changes and CXCR-4-Induced Invasion in Prostate Cancer
Cancer Res.,
October 1, 2005;
65(19):
8818 - 8825.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. V. Rajkumar and R. A. Kyle
Multiple Myeloma: Diagnosis and Treatment
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
October 1, 2005;
80(10):
1371 - 1382.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Terpos and M.-A. Dimopoulos
Myeloma bone disease: pathophysiology and management
Ann. Onc.,
August 1, 2005;
16(8):
1223 - 1231.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Balla
The Issue of Renal Safety of Zoledronic Acid from a Nephrologist's Point of View
Oncologist,
May 1, 2005;
10(5):
306 - 308.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Conte and V. Guarneri
In Response to Jackson Letter to the Editor Regarding "Safety of Intravenous and Oral Bisphosphonates and Compliance with Dosing Regimens"
Oncologist,
May 1, 2005;
10(5):
315 - 316.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. L. Olson, L. C. Burkly, D. R. Leone, B. M. Dolinski, and R. R. Lobb
Anti-{alpha}4 integrin monoclonal antibody inhibits multiple myeloma growth in a murine model
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
January 1, 2005;
4(1):
91 - 99.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. R. Berenson
Recommendations for Zoledronic Acid Treatment of Patients with Bone Metastases
Oncologist,
January 1, 2005;
10(1):
52 - 62.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Rainone
Treating Adult Cancer Pain in Primary Care
J Am Board Fam Med,
November 1, 2004;
17(suppl_1):
S48 - S56.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. G. Pfister, D. H. Johnson, C. G. Azzoli, W. Sause, T. J. Smith, S. Baker Jr, J. Olak, D. Stover, J. R. Strawn, A. T. Turrisi, et al.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Treatment of Unresectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Guideline: Update 2003
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 15, 2004;
22(2):
330 - 353.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. E. Hillner, J. N. Ingle, R. T. Chlebowski, J. Gralow, G. C. Yee, N. A. Janjan, J. A. Cauley, B. A. Blumenstein, K. S. Albain, A. Lipton, et al.
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2003 Update on the Role of Bisphosphonates and Bone Health Issues in Women With Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
November 1, 2003;
21(21):
4042 - 4057.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Musto, A. Falcone, G. Sanpaolo, C. Bodenizza, and A. M. Carella
Pamidronate for Early-Stage, Untreated Myeloma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
August 15, 2003;
21(16):
3177 - 3178.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. L. Weber and M. C. Gebhardt
What's New in Musculoskeletal Oncology
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
March 31, 2003;
85(4):
761 - 767.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. T. Lin and J. M. Lane
Bisphosphonates
J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Surg.,
January 1, 2003;
11(1):
1 - 4.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. C. Anderson
Multiple Myeloma: How Far Have We Come?
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
January 1, 2003;
78(1):
15 - 17.
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. V. Rajkumar, M. A. Gertz, R. A. Kyle, and P. R. Greipp
Use of Bisphosphonates in Patients With Myeloma and Renal Failure-Reply-I
Mayo Clin. Proc.,
January 1, 2003;
78(1):
118 - 118.
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|