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Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 20, Issue 4 (February), 2002: 911-920
© 2002 American Society for Clinical Oncology

Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Helical Computed Tomography: Anti-Lung Cancer Association Project

By Tomotaka Sobue, Noriyuki Moriyama, Masahiro Kaneko, Masahiko Kusumoto, Toshiaki Kobayashi, Ryosuke Tsuchiya, Ryutaro Kakinuma, Hironobu Ohmatsu, Kanji Nagai, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Eisuke Matsui, Kenji Eguchi

From the Cancer Information and Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Diagnostic Radiology and Endoscopy Divisions, National Cancer Center Hospital, and Social Health Insurance Medical Center, Tokyo; Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba; Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu; and Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan.

Address reprint requests to Tomotaka Sobue, MD, Cancer Information and Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; email: tsobue{at}ncc.go.jp

PURPOSE: Because efficacy of lung cancer screening using chest x-ray is controversial and insufficient, other screening modalities need to be developed. To provide data on screening performance of low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) scanning and its efficacy in terms of survival, a one-arm longitudinal screening project was conducted.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,611 asymptomatic patients aged 40 to 79 years, 86% with smoking history, were screened by low-dose helical CT scan, chest x-ray, and 3-day pooled sputum cytology with a 6-month interval.

RESULTS: At initial screening, the proportions of positive tests were 11.5%, 3.4%, and 0.8% with low-dose helical CT scan, chest x-ray, and sputum cytology, respectively. In 1,611 participants, 14 (0.87%) cases of lung cancer were detected, with 71% being stage IA disease and a mean tumor diameter of 19.8 mm. At repeated screening, the proportions of positive tests were 9.1%, 2.6%, and 0.7% with low-dose helical CT, chest x-ray, and sputum cytology, respectively. In 7,891 examinations, 22 (0.28%) cases of lung cancer were detected, with 82% being stage IA disease and a mean tumor diameter of 14.6 mm. The 5-year survival rate for screen-detected lung cancer was 76.2% and 64.9% for initial and repeated screening, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Screening with low-dose helical CT has potential to improve screening efficacy in terms of reducing lung cancer mortality. An evaluation of efficacy using appropriate methods is urgently required.


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