Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2004.08.110 on November 24 2003
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 22, No 1 (January 1), 2004: pp. 133-142
© 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Phase II Trial of Gefitinib in Recurrent Glioblastoma
Jeremy N. Rich,
David A. Reardon,
Terry Peery,
Jeannette M. Dowell,
Jennifer A. Quinn,
Kara L. Penne,
Carol J. Wikstrand,
Lauren B. Van Duyn,
Janet E. Dancey,
Roger E. McLendon,
James C. Kao,
Timothy T. Stenzel,
B.K. Ahmed Rasheed,
Sandra E. Tourt-Uhlig,
James E. Herndon, II,
James J. Vredenburgh,
John H. Sampson,
Allan H. Friedman,
Darell D. Bigner,
Henry S. Friedman
From the Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, and Cancer Center Biostatistics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
Address reprint requests to Jeremy N. Rich, MD, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2900, Durham, NC 27710; e-mail: rich0001{at}mc.duke.edu
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE), a novel epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was an open-label, single-center phase II trial. Fifty-seven patients with first recurrence of a glioblastoma who were previously treated with surgical resection, radiation, and usually chemotherapy underwent an open biopsy or resection at evaluation for confirmation of tumor recurrence. Each patient initially received 500 mg of gefitinib orally once daily; dose escalation to 750 mg then 1,000 mg, if a patient received enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs or dexamethasone, was allowed within each patient.
RESULTS: Although no objective tumor responses were seen among the 53 assessable patients, only 21% of patients (11 of 53 patients) had measurable disease at treatment initiation. Seventeen percent of patients (nine of 53 patients) underwent at least six 4-week cycles, and the 6-month event-free survival (EFS) was 13% (seven of 53 patients). The median EFS time was 8.1 weeks, and the median overall survival (OS) time from treatment initiation was 39.4 weeks. Adverse events were generally mild (grade 1 or 2) and consisted mainly of skin reactions and diarrhea. Drug-related toxicities were more frequent at higher doses. Withdrawal caused by drug-related adverse events occurred in 6% of patients (three of 53 patients). Although the presence of diarrhea positively predicted favorable OS from treatment initiation, epidermal growth factor receptor expression did not correlate with either EFS or OS.
CONCLUSION: Gefitinib is well tolerated and has activity in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Further study of this agent at higher doses is warranted.
Supported by Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (grant No. R21 CA91548), and foundation funds from Accelerate Brain Cancer Cure.
Presented in part at the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, May 31–June 3, 2003, Chicago, IL.
Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article.
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Facebook  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
Related Correspondence
- Gefitinib in Recurrent Glioblastoma
M. Raphael Pfeffer, Mark L. Levitt, and Dan Aderka
JCO 2004 22: 2755
[Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
C. J. Lau, Z. Koty, and J. Nalbantoglu
Differential Response of Glioma Cells to FOXO1-Directed Therapy
Cancer Res.,
July 1, 2009;
69(13):
5433 - 5440.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Neyns, J. Sadones, E. Joosens, F. Bouttens, L. Verbeke, J.-F. Baurain, L. D'Hondt, T. Strauven, C. Chaskis, P. In't Veld, et al.
Stratified phase II trial of cetuximab in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma
Ann. Onc.,
June 2, 2009;
(2009)
mdp032v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-S. Guillamo, S. de Bouard, S. Valable, L. Marteau, P. Leuraud, Y. Marie, M.-F. Poupon, J.-J. Parienti, E. Raymond, and M. Peschanski
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition on Invasion, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Experimental Glioma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
June 1, 2009;
15(11):
3697 - 3704.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V Martin, L Mazzucchelli, and M Frattini
An overview of the epidermal growth factor receptor fluorescence in situ hybridisation challenge in tumour pathology
J. Clin. Pathol.,
April 1, 2009;
62(4):
314 - 324.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. van den Bent, A. A. Brandes, R. Rampling, M. C.M. Kouwenhoven, J. M. Kros, A. F. Carpentier, P. M. Clement, M. Frenay, M. Campone, J.-F. Baurain, et al.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Erlotinib Versus Temozolomide or Carmustine in Recurrent Glioblastoma: EORTC Brain Tumor Group Study 26034
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 10, 2009;
27(8):
1268 - 1274.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Reardon, K. L. Fink, T. Mikkelsen, T. F. Cloughesy, A. O'Neill, S. Plotkin, M. Glantz, P. Ravin, J. J. Raizer, K. M. Rich, et al.
Randomized Phase II Study of Cilengitide, an Integrin-Targeting Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid Peptide, in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 1, 2008;
26(34):
5610 - 5617.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Martens, Y. Laabs, H. S. Gunther, D. Kemming, Z. Zhu, L. Witte, C. Hagel, M. Westphal, and K. Lamszus
Inhibition of Glioblastoma Growth in a Highly Invasive Nude Mouse Model Can Be Achieved by Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor but not Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
Clin. Cancer Res.,
September 1, 2008;
14(17):
5447 - 5458.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Idbaih, F. Ducray, M. Sierra Del Rio, K. Hoang-Xuan, and J.-Y. Delattre
Therapeutic Application of Noncytotoxic Molecular Targeted Therapy in Gliomas: Growth Factor Receptors and Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Oncologist,
September 1, 2008;
13(9):
978 - 992.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Y. Wen and S. Kesari
Malignant Gliomas in Adults
N. Engl. J. Med.,
July 31, 2008;
359(5):
492 - 507.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Contessa, M. S. Bhojani, H. H. Freeze, A. Rehemtulla, and T. S. Lawrence
Inhibition of N-Linked Glycosylation Disrupts Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Tumor Cells
Cancer Res.,
May 15, 2008;
68(10):
3803 - 3809.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Brandes, E. Franceschi, A. Tosoni, M. E. Hegi, and R. Stupp
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Neuro-oncology: Hopes and Disappointments
Clin. Cancer Res.,
February 15, 2008;
14(4):
957 - 960.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Contessa and D. A. Hamstra
Revoking the Privilege: Targeting HER2 in the Central Nervous System
Mol. Pharmacol.,
February 1, 2008;
73(2):
271 - 273.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Ziegler, A. L. Kung, and M. W. Kieran
Anti-Apoptosis Mechanisms in Malignant Gliomas
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 20, 2008;
26(3):
493 - 500.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Hoelzinger, T. Demuth, and M. E. Berens
Autocrine Factors That Sustain Glioma Invasion and Paracrine Biology in the Brain Microenvironment
J Natl Cancer Inst,
November 7, 2007;
99(21):
1583 - 1593.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. B. Furnari, T. Fenton, R. M. Bachoo, A. Mukasa, J. M. Stommel, A. Stegh, W. C. Hahn, K. L. Ligon, D. N. Louis, C. Brennan, et al.
Malignant astrocytic glioma: genetics, biology, and paths to treatment
Genes & Dev.,
November 1, 2007;
21(21):
2683 - 2710.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Stommel, A. C. Kimmelman, H. Ying, R. Nabioullin, A. H. Ponugoti, R. Wiedemeyer, A. H. Stegh, J. E. Bradner, K. L. Ligon, C. Brennan, et al.
Coactivation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Affects the Response of Tumor Cells to Targeted Therapies
Science,
October 12, 2007;
318(5848):
287 - 290.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Stupp, M. E. Hegi, M. R. Gilbert, and A. Chakravarti
Chemoradiotherapy in Malignant Glioma: Standard of Care and Future Directions
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 10, 2007;
25(26):
4127 - 4136.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Xu and H.-K. G. Shu
EGFR Activation Results in Enhanced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression through p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Activation of the Sp1/Sp3 Transcription Factors in Human Gliomas
Cancer Res.,
July 1, 2007;
67(13):
6121 - 6129.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M.P. Omuro, S. Faivre, and E. Raymond
Lessons learned in the development of targeted therapy for malignant gliomas
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
July 1, 2007;
6(7):
1909 - 1919.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Huang, J. Hu, X. Bian, K. Chen, W. Gong, N. M. Dunlop, O.M. Z. Howard, and J. M. Wang
Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor by Formylpeptide Receptor Exacerbates the Malignant Behavior of Human Glioblastoma Cells
Cancer Res.,
June 15, 2007;
67(12):
5906 - 5913.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. D. Kirson, V. Dbaly, F. Tovarys, J. Vymazal, J. F. Soustiel, A. Itzhaki, D. Mordechovich, S. Steinberg-Shapira, Z. Gurvich, R. Schneiderman, et al.
Alternating electric fields arrest cell proliferation in animal tumor models and human brain tumors
PNAS,
June 12, 2007;
104(24):
10152 - 10157.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Pelloski, K. V. Ballman, A. F. Furth, L. Zhang, E. Lin, E. P. Sulman, K. Bhat, J. M. McDonald, W.K. A. Yung, H. Colman, et al.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III Status Defines Clinically Distinct Subtypes of Glioblastoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 1, 2007;
25(16):
2288 - 2294.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Tabernero
The Role of VEGF and EGFR Inhibition: Implications for Combining Anti-VEGF and Anti-EGFR Agents
Mol. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2007;
5(3):
203 - 220.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Broniscer, J. C. Panetta, M. O'Shaughnessy, C. Fraga, F. Bai, M. J. Krasin, A. Gajjar, and C. F. Stewart
Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Erlotinib and Its Active Metabolite OSI-420
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2007;
13(5):
1511 - 1515.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Vredenburgh, A. Desjardins, J. E. Herndon II, J. M. Dowell, D. A. Reardon, J. A. Quinn, J. N. Rich, S. Sathornsumetee, S. Gururangan, M. Wagner, et al.
Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab and Irinotecan in Recurrent Malignant Glioma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
February 15, 2007;
13(4):
1253 - 1259.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Failly, S. Korur, V. Egler, J.-L. Boulay, M. M. Lino, R. Imber, and A. Merlo
Combination of sublethal concentrations of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor and microtubule stabilizer induces apoptosis of glioblastoma cells
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
February 1, 2007;
6(2):
773 - 781.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. Nicholas, R. V. Lukas, N. F. Jafri, L. Faoro, and R. Salgia
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction in the Development and Therapy of Gliomas
Clin. Cancer Res.,
December 15, 2006;
12(24):
7261 - 7270.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Puputti, O. Tynninen, H. Sihto, T. Blom, H. Maenpaa, J. Isola, A. Paetau, H. Joensuu, and N. N. Nupponen
Amplification of KIT, PDGFRA, VEGFR2, and EGFR in Gliomas
Mol. Cancer Res.,
December 1, 2006;
4(12):
927 - 934.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Yan, Y. Lu, M. Wang, H. Vikis, R. Yao, Y. Wang, R. A. Lubet, and M. You
Effect of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer
Mol. Cancer Res.,
December 1, 2006;
4(12):
971 - 981.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Maher, C. Brennan, P. Y. Wen, L. Durso, K. L. Ligon, A. Richardson, D. Khatry, B. Feng, R. Sinha, D. N. Louis, et al.
Marked Genomic Differences Characterize Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma Subtypes and Identify Two Distinct Molecular and Clinical Secondary Glioblastoma Entities
Cancer Res.,
December 1, 2006;
66(23):
11502 - 11513.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Y. Wang, K. V. Lu, S. Zhu, E. Q. Dia, I. Vivanco, G. M. Shackleford, W. K. Cavenee, I. K. Mellinghoff, T. F. Cloughesy, C. L. Sawyers, et al.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition Promotes Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors in PTEN-Deficient and PTEN-Intact Glioblastoma Cells
Cancer Res.,
August 15, 2006;
66(16):
7864 - 7869.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. T. Zacharia, S. Saini, E. F. Halpern, and J. E. Sumner
CT of Colon Cancer Metastases to the Liver Using Modified RECIST Criteria: Determining the Ideal Number of Target Lesions to Measure.
Am. J. Roentgenol.,
April 1, 2006;
186(4):
1067 - 1070.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Reardon, J. N. Rich, H. S. Friedman, and D. D. Bigner
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Malignant Astrocytoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 10, 2006;
24(8):
1253 - 1265.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. A. Butowski, P. K. Sneed, and S. M. Chang
Diagnosis and Treatment of Recurrent High-Grade Astrocytoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 10, 2006;
24(8):
1273 - 1280.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Burzynski, T. J. Janicki, R. A. Weaver, and B. Burzynski
Targeted Therapy With Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 of High-Grade, Recurrent, and Progressive Brainstem Glioma
Integr Cancer Ther,
March 1, 2006;
5(1):
40 - 47.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Reardon, J. A. Quinn, J. J. Vredenburgh, S. Gururangan, A. H. Friedman, A. Desjardins, S. Sathornsumetee, J. E. Herndon II, J. M. Dowell, R. E. McLendon, et al.
Phase 1 Trial of Gefitinib Plus Sirolimus in Adults with Recurrent Malignant Glioma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
February 1, 2006;
12(3):
860 - 868.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Reardon and P. Y. Wen
Therapeutic advances in the treatment of glioblastoma: rationale and potential role of targeted agents.
Oncologist,
February 1, 2006;
11(2):
152 - 164.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Stupp, M. E. Hegi, M. J. van den Bent, W. P. Mason, M. Weller, R. O. Mirimanoff, J. G. Cairncross, and on behalf of the European Organisation for Researc
Changing paradigms--an update on the multidisciplinary management of malignant glioma.
Oncologist,
February 1, 2006;
11(2):
165 - 180.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Prados, K. R. Lamborn, S. Chang, E. Burton, N. Butowski, M. Malec, A. Kapadia, J. Rabbitt, M. S. Page, A. Fedoroff, et al.
Phase 1 study of erlotinib HCl alone and combined with temozolomide in patients with stable or recurrent malignant glioma
Neuro-oncol,
January 1, 2006;
8(1):
67 - 78.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Reardon, M. J. Egorin, J. A. Quinn, J. N. Rich Sr, I. Gururangan, J. J. Vredenburgh, A. Desjardins, S. Sathornsumetee, J. M. Provenzale, J. E. Herndon II, et al.
Phase II Study of Imatinib Mesylate Plus Hydroxyurea in Adults With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 20, 2005;
23(36):
9359 - 9368.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Rich, S. Sathornsumetee, S. T. Keir, M. W. Kieran, A. Laforme, A. Kaipainen, R. E. McLendon, M. W. Graner, B.K. A. Rasheed, L. Wang, et al.
ZD6474, a Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Inhibits Tumor Growth of Multiple Nervous System Tumors
Clin. Cancer Res.,
November 15, 2005;
11(22):
8145 - 8157.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Friedman and D. D. Bigner
Glioblastoma Multiforme and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.
N. Engl. J. Med.,
November 10, 2005;
353(19):
1997 - 1999.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. K. Mellinghoff, M. Y. Wang, I. Vivanco, D. A. Haas-Kogan, S. Zhu, E. Q. Dia, K. V. Lu, K. Yoshimoto, J. H.Y. Huang, D. J. Chute, et al.
Molecular Determinants of the Response of Glioblastomas to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors.
N. Engl. J. Med.,
November 10, 2005;
353(19):
2012 - 2024.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. W. Bell, T. J. Lynch, S. M. Haserlat, P. L. Harris, R. A. Okimoto, B. W. Brannigan, D. C. Sgroi, B. Muir, M. J. Riemenschneider, R. B. Iacona, et al.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Gene Amplification in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Molecular Analysis of the IDEAL/INTACT Gefitinib Trials
J. Clin. Oncol.,
November 1, 2005;
23(31):
8081 - 8092.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. Lassman, M. R. Rossi, J. R. Razier, L. E. Abrey, F. S. Lieberman, C. N. Grefe, K. Lamborn, W. Pao, A. H. Shih, J. G. Kuhn, et al.
Molecular Study of Malignant Gliomas Treated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: Tissue Analysis from North American Brain Tumor Consortium Trials 01-03 and 00-01
Clin. Cancer Res.,
November 1, 2005;
11(21):
7841 - 7850.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Dresemann
Imatinib and hydroxyurea in pretreated progressive glioblastoma multiforme: a patient series
Ann. Onc.,
October 1, 2005;
16(10):
1702 - 1708.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. C. Daw, W. L. Furman, C. F. Stewart, L. C. Iacono, M. Krailo, M. L. Bernstein, J. E. Dancey, R. A. Speights, S. M. Blaney, J. M. Croop, et al.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Gefitinib in Children With Refractory Solid Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Study
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 1, 2005;
23(25):
6172 - 6180.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Perez-Soler and L. Saltz
Cutaneous Adverse Effects With HER1/EGFR-Targeted Agents: Is There a Silver Lining?
J. Clin. Oncol.,
August 1, 2005;
23(22):
5235 - 5246.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Krause and R. A. Van Etten
Tyrosine Kinases as Targets for Cancer Therapy
N. Engl. J. Med.,
July 14, 2005;
353(2):
172 - 187.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Cappuzzo
Erlotinib in Gliomas: Should Selection Be Based on EGFR and Akt Analyses?
J Natl Cancer Inst,
June 15, 2005;
97(12):
868 - 869.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Paulino, B. S. Teh, M. Sadeh, K. Seiter, L. Ashby, R. LaRocca, T. Ryken, R. D. Aiken, S. Rutkowski, H. Ottensmeier, et al.
Treatment of brain tumors.
N. Engl. J. Med.,
June 2, 2005;
352(22):
2350 - 2353.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Perez-Soler, J. P. Delord, A. Halpern, K. Kelly, J. Krueger, B. M. Sureda, J. von Pawel, J. Temel, S. Siena, D. Soulieres, et al.
HER1/EGFR Inhibitor-Associated Rash: Future Directions for Management and Investigation Outcomes from the HER1/EGFR Inhibitor Rash Management Forum
Oncologist,
May 1, 2005;
10(5):
345 - 356.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Marie, A. F. Carpentier, A.M.P. Omuro, M. Sanson, J. Thillet, K. Hoang-Xuan, and J. -Y. Delattre
EGFR tyrosine kinase domain mutations in human gliomas
Neurology,
April 26, 2005;
64(8):
1444 - 1445.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Giannini, J. N. Sarkaria, A. Saito, J. H. Uhm, E. Galanis, B. L. Carlson, M. A. Schroeder, and C. D. James
Patient tumor EGFR and PDGFRA gene amplifications retained in an invasive intracranial xenograft model of glioblastoma multiforme
Neuro-oncol,
April 1, 2005;
7(2):
164 - 176.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Mantha, J. E.L. Hanson, G. Goss, A. E. Lagarde, I. A. Lorimer, and J. Dimitroulakos
Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway Inhibits the Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 15, 2005;
11(6):
2398 - 2407.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Solit, Y. She, J. Lobo, M. G. Kris, H. I. Scher, N. Rosen, and F. M. Sirotnak
Pulsatile Administration of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Gefitinib Is Significantly More Effective than Continuous Dosing for Sensitizing Tumors to Paclitaxel
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2005;
11(5):
1983 - 1989.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Goudar, Q. Shi, M. D. Hjelmeland, S. T. Keir, R. E. McLendon, C. J. Wikstrand, E. D. Reese, C. A. Conrad, P. Traxler, H. A. Lane, et al.
Combination therapy of inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (AEE788) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (RAD001) offers improved glioblastoma tumor growth inhibition
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
January 1, 2005;
4(1):
101 - 112.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Amador, D. Oppenheimer, S. Perea, A. Maitra, G. Cusati, C. Iacobuzio-Donahue, S. D. Baker, R. Ashfaq, C. Takimoto, A. Forastiere, et al.
An Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Intron 1 Polymorphism Mediates Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors
Cancer Res.,
December 15, 2004;
64(24):
9139 - 9143.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Brandes, A. Tosoni, U. Basso, M. Reni, F. Valduga, S. Monfardini, P. Amista, L. Nicolardi, G. Sotti, and M. Ermani
Second-Line Chemotherapy With Irinotecan Plus Carmustine in Glioblastoma Recurrent or Progressive After First-Line Temozolomide Chemotherapy: A Phase II Study of the Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo di Neuro-Oncologia (GICNO)
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 1, 2004;
22(23):
4779 - 4786.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Brandes, A. Tosoni, P. Amista, L. Nicolardi, D. Grosso, F. Berti, and M. Ermani
How effective is BCNU in recurrent glioblastoma in the modern era?: A phase II trial
Neurology,
October 12, 2004;
63(7):
1281 - 1284.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Sorscher, J. N. Rich, B.K. A. Rasheed, H. Yan, G. Rossi, A. Marchioni, L. Longo, D. A. Haber, D. W. Bell, and T. J. Lynch
EGFR Mutations and Sensitivity to Gefitinib
N. Engl. J. Med.,
September 16, 2004;
351(12):
1260 - 1261.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Pfeffer, M. L. Levitt, and D. Aderka
Gefitinib in Recurrent Glioblastoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 1, 2004;
22(13):
2755 - 2755.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Rich, H. S. Friedman, J. B. Powell Jr, and J. E. Dancey
In Reply:
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 1, 2004;
22(13):
2755 - 2756.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. K. Rowinsky
Curtailing the High Rate of Late-Stage Attrition of Investigational Therapeutics Against Unprecedented Targets in Patients with Lung and Other Malignancies
Clin. Cancer Res.,
June 15, 2004;
10(12):
4220S - 4226S.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Lynch, D. W. Bell, R. Sordella, S. Gurubhagavatula, R. A. Okimoto, B. W. Brannigan, P. L. Harris, S. M. Haserlat, J. G. Supko, F. G. Haluska, et al.
Activating Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Underlying Responsiveness of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Gefitinib
N. Engl. J. Med.,
May 20, 2004;
350(21):
2129 - 2139.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Prommer
Gefitinib: A new agent in palliative care
American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine,
May 1, 2004;
21(3):
222 - 227.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
