Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2004.06.090 on February 23 2004

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Hormone Replacement Therapy and Life Expectancy After Prophylactic Oophorectomy in Women With BRCA1/2 Mutations: A Decision Analysis

From the Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.

Address reprint requests to Katrina Armstrong, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr, 1204 Blockley Hall, Philadelphia PA 19104-6021; e-mail: karmstro{at}mail.med.upenn.edu

PURPOSE: The decision about prophylactic oophorectomy is difficult for many premenopausal women with BRCA1/2 mutations because of concerns and controversy about the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after oophorectomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A Markov decision analytic model used the most current epidemiologic data to assess the expected outcomes of prophylactic oophorectomy with or without HRT (to age 50 years or for life) in cohorts of women with BRCA1/2 mutations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of alternative assumptions about effects of HRT, effects of prophylactic oophorectomy, and risks of cancer associated with BRCA1/2 mutations.

RESULTS: In our model, prophylactic oophorectomy lengthened life expectancy in women with BRCA1/2 mutations, irrespective of whether HRT was used after oophorectomy. This gain ranged from 3.34 to 4.65 years, depending on age at oophorectomy. Use of HRT after oophorectomy was associated with relatively small changes in life expectancy (+0.17 to -0.34 years) when HRT was stopped at age 50, but larger decrements in life expectancy if HRT was continued for life (-0.79 to -1.09 years). HRT was associated with a gain in life expectancy of between 0.39 and 0.79 years for mutation carriers undergoing both prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy.

CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results of this decision analysis, we recommend that women with BRCA1/2 mutations undergo prophylactic oophorectomy after completion of childbearing, decide about short-term HRT after oophorectomy based largely on quality-of-life issues rather than life expectancy, and, if using HRT, consider discontinuing treatment at the time of expected natural menopause, approximately age 50 years.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article.

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• Prophylactic Oophorectomy and Hormone Replacement Therapy: Protection at What Price?
  Judy Ellen Garber and Anne-Renee Hartman
  JCO 2004 22: 978-980 [Full Text]

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