This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a colleague Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Save to my personal folders Download to citation manager Rights & Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lerman, C. Articles by Berrettini, W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lerman, C. Articles by Berrettini, W. Social Bookmarking                            What's this?

Treating Tobacco Dependence: State of the Science and New Directions

Caryn Lerman, Freda Patterson, Wade Berrettini

From the Abramson Cancer Center, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA

Address reprint requests to Caryn Lerman, PhD, Tobacco Use Research Center, 3535 Market St, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104; e-mail: clerman{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.

Despite almost two decades of intensive tobacco control efforts, nearly one quarter of Americans continue to smoke. The two United States Food and Drug Administration–approved medications used to treat tobacco dependence, bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy, are effective for only a fraction of smokers. Investigations of medications approved for affective disorders and other forms of substance abuse, such as fluoxetine and naltrexone, have yielded mixed results as tobacco dependence treatments. A particular challenge in tobacco dependence treatment is the development of effective approaches for smokers with unique needs, such as cancer patients and pregnant women. Despite new developments in these areas, significant gaps in knowledge and practice remain. Basic research in the neurobiologic and genetic basis of nicotine dependence offers promise for the development of novel and more effective treatment approaches. For example, emerging research in pharmacogenetics explores how genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug targets modifies response to pharmacotherapy. These discoveries could someday help practitioners to individualize the type, dosage, and duration of tobacco dependence treatment based on genotype, and maximize the efficacy.

Supported by a Transdisiciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center Grant P5084718 from the National Cancer Institute and National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Facebook    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. H. Levinson, R. E. Glasgow, B. Gaglio, T. L. Smith, J. Cahoon, and A. C. Marcus Tailored behavioral support for smoking reduction: development and pilot results of an innovative intervention Health Educ. Res., April 1, 2008; 23(2): 335 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M . Sullivan, S. M. Seed, and R. J. DeBellis State of the Art Reviews: Smoking Cessation: A Review of Treatment Considerations American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, May 1, 2007; 1(3): 201 - 213. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Sheikh RE: "CIGARETTE SMOKING AND INCIDENCE OF FIRST DEPRESSIVE EPISODE: AN 11-YEAR, POPULATION-BASED FOLLOW-UP STUDY" Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2006; 164(9): 918 - 919. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Lee and R. F. Tyndale Drugs and genotypes: how pharmacogenetic information could improve smoking cessation treatment J Psychopharmacol, July 1, 2006; 20(4_suppl): 7 - 14. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. H. Halbert, O. H. Gandy Jr., A. Collier, and L. Shaker Intentions to Participate in Genetics Research among African American Smokers Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2006; 15(1): 150 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Henningfield, R. V. Fant, A. R. Buchhalter, and M. L. Stitzer Pharmacotherapy for Nicotine Dependence CA Cancer J Clin, September 1, 2005; 55(5): 281 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. C. Gotay Behavior and Cancer Prevention J. Clin. Oncol., January 10, 2005; 23(2): 301 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. W. Stewart and A. S. Coates Cancer Prevention: A Global Perspective J. Clin. Oncol., January 10, 2005; 23(2): 392 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]