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Risk-Adapted Androgen Deprivation and Escalated Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Does Radiation Dose Influence Outcome of Patients Treated With Adjuvant Androgen Deprivation? A GICOR Study

From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Córdoba; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital General Vall D'Hebrón, Barcelona; and Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Catalá Oncología, Barcelona, Spain

Address reprint requests to Almudena Zapatero, MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: azapatero.hlpr{at}salud.madrid.org

PURPOSE: Multicenter study conducted to determine the impact on biochemical control and survival of risk-adapted androgen deprivation (AD) combined with high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for prostate cancer. Results of biochemical control are reported.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1999 and October 2001, 416 eligible patients with prostate cancer were assigned to one of three treatment groups according to their risk factors: 181 low-risk patients were treated with 3DCRT alone; 75 intermediate-risk patients were allocated to receive neoadjuvant AD (NAD) 4-6 months before and during 3DCRT; and 160 high-risk patients received NAD and adjuvant AD (AAD) 2 years after 3DCRT. Stratification was performed for treatment/risk group and total radiation dose.

RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 18 to 63 months), the actuarial biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) at 5 years for all patients was 74%. The corresponding figures for low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk disease were 80%, 73%, and 79%, respectively (P = .847). Univariate analysis showed that higher radiation dose was the only significant factor associated with bDFS for all patients (P = .0004). When stratified for treatment group, this benefit was evident for low-risk patients (P = .009) and, more interestingly, for high-risk patients treated with AAD. The 5-year bDFS for high-risk patients treated with AAD was 63% for radiation doses less than 72 Gy and 84% for those 72 Gy (P = .003).

CONCLUSION: The results of combined AAD plus high-dose 3DCRT are encouraging. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing an additional benefit of high-dose 3DCRT when combined with long-term AD for unfavorable disease.

Presented at the 29th European Society for Medical Oncology Congress, October 29 to November 2, 2004, Vienna, Austria; 5th La Federación Española de Sociedades Oncológicas (FESEO) Congress, November 17-19, 2004, Valencia, Spain.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article.

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