Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.3845 on September 6 2005
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 23, No 29 (October 10), 2005: pp. 7350-7360
© 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Molecular Classification and Molecular Forecasting of Breast Cancer: Ready for Clinical Application?
James D. Brenton,
Lisa A. Carey,
Ahmed Ashour Ahmed,
Carlos Caldas
From the Cancer Genomics Program, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
Address reprint requests to Carlos Caldas, MD, Cancer Genomics Program, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB22XZ; e-mail: cc234{at}cam.ac.uk.
Profiling breast cancer with expression arrays has become common, and it has been suggested that the results from early studies will lead to understanding of the molecular differences between clinical cases and allow individualization of care. We critically review two main applications of expression profiling; studies unraveling novel breast cancer classifications and those that aim to identify novel markers for prediction of clinical outcome. Breast cancer may now be subclassified into luminal, basal, and HER2 subtypes with distinct differences in prognosis and response to therapy. However, profiling studies to identify predictive markers have suffered from methodologic problems that prevent general application of their results. Future work will need to reanalyze existing microarray data sets to identify more representative sets of candidate genes for use as prognostic signatures and will need to take into account the new knowledge of molecular subtypes of breast cancer when assessing predictive effects.
Terms in blue are defined in the glossary, found at the end of this issue and online at www.jco.org.
Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article.
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