Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.3101 on October 11 2005

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Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Vaccine Therapy: A Concise Review

Deirdre O'Mahony, Shivaani Kummar, Martin E. Gutierrez

From the Medical Oncology Clinical Research Unit, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Address reprint requests to Deirdre O'Mahony, MD, Medical Oncology Clinical Research Unit, Center for Cancer Research, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room 12N226, Bethesda, MD 20892-1906; e-mail: omahonyd{at}mail.nih.gov.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and throughout the world; globally, there are more than 1.1 million deaths each year. Treatment modalities currently employed are significantly limited; 50% of patients experience disease recurrence after surgery, and less than a quarter of patients respond to systemic chemotherapy. These statistics have fueled the search for a safer, more effective treatment modality. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer immunology, many obstacles remain. However, encouraging clinical results in patients immunized with autologous tumor cell vaccines expressing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor strongly advocate further investigation of immunotherapy in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether these novel therapies can potentially complement or even replace current therapeutic approaches. We present a review of the various vaccine-based strategies employed to target and treat NSCLC.

Terms in blue are defined in the glossary, found at the end of this issue and online at www.jco.org.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article.

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