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Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.6723 on April 24 2006

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 24, No 16 (June 1), 2006: pp. 2505-2512
© 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology.
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Phase II Placebo-Controlled Randomized Discontinuation Trial of Sorafenib in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Mark J. Ratain, Tim Eisen, Walter M. Stadler, Keith T. Flaherty, Stan B. Kaye, Gary L. Rosner, Martin Gore, Apurva A. Desai, Amita Patnaik, Henry Q. Xiong, Eric Rowinsky, James L. Abbruzzese, Chenghua Xia, Ronit Simantov, Brian Schwartz, Peter J. O'Dwyer

From the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Royal Marsden Hospital, Surrey, United Kingdom; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, West Haven, CT

Address reprint requests to Mark J. Ratain, MD, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637; e-mail: mratain{at}medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu

PURPOSE: This phase II randomized discontinuation trial evaluated the effects of sorafenib (BAY 43-9006), an oral multikinase inhibitor targeting the tumor and vasculature, on tumor growth in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients initially received oral sorafenib 400 mg twice daily during the initial run-in period. After 12 weeks, patients with changes in bidimensional tumor measurements that were less than 25% from baseline were randomly assigned to sorafenib or placebo for an additional 12 weeks; patients with ≥ 25% tumor shrinkage continued open-label sorafenib; patients with ≥ 25% tumor growth discontinued treatment. The primary end point was the percentage of randomly assigned patients remaining progression free at 24 weeks after the initiation of sorafenib.

RESULTS: Of 202 patients treated during the run-in period, 73 patients had tumor shrinkage of ≥ 25%. Sixty-five patients with stable disease at 12 weeks were randomly assigned to sorafenib (n = 32) or placebo (n = 33). At 24 weeks, 50% of the sorafenib-treated patients were progression free versus 18% of the placebo-treated patients (P = .0077). Median progression-free survival (PFS) from randomization was significantly longer with sorafenib (24 weeks) than placebo (6 weeks; P = .0087). Median overall PFS was 29 weeks for the entire renal cell carcinoma population (n = 202). Sorafenib was readministered in 28 patients whose disease progressed on placebo; these patients continued on sorafenib until further progression, for a median of 24 weeks. Common adverse events were skin rash/desquamation, hand-foot skin reaction, and fatigue; 9% of patients discontinued therapy, and no patients died from toxicity.

CONCLUSION: Sorafenib has significant disease-stabilizing activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and is tolerable with chronic daily therapy.

Supported by Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Onyx Pharmaceuticals.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and author contributions are found at the end of this article.




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