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Phase II Multicenter Trial of Bevacizumab Plus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin in Patients With Advanced Refractory Colorectal Cancer: An NCI Treatment Referral Center Trial TRC-0301

Helen X. Chen, Margaret Mooney, Matthew Boron, Don Vena, Kimberly Mosby, Louise Grochow, Carl Jaffe, Lawrence Rubinstein, James Zwiebel, Richard S. Kaplan

From the Cancer Treatment Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; and The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD

Address reprint requests to Helen X. Chen, MD, Cancer Treatment Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd, EPN 7131, Bethesda, MD 20892; e-mail: Helen_Chen{at}nih.gov

PURPOSE: To provide bevacizumab (BV) -based therapy to patients with advanced colorectal cancers (CRC) who had exhausted standard chemotherapy options, and to evaluate the response to BV combined with fluorouracil (FU) and leucovorin (LV) in this patient population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, single-arm treatment trial conducted under the National Cancer Institute Treatment Referral Center network nationwide. Patients were treated with BV 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks combined with FU/LV; FU was administered by bolus or continuous infusion. Eligibility criteria included advanced CRC that had progressed after irinotecan- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, and absence of thromboembolism. The primary end point was objective response rate (RR) in the first 100 assessable patients. All patients received follow-up for toxicity and survival.

RESULTS: Due to rapid accrual, a total of 350 patients were enrolled at 32 participating sites nationwide by October 2003. In the initially planned cohort of 100 assessable patients, the objective RR was 4% (95% CI, 1.1% to 9.9%) by investigators' assessment and 1% (95% CI, 0% to 5.5%) based on independent review; median progression-free survival was 3.5 months and median overall survival was 9.0 months. The safety profile was similar to prior BV trials in CRC. Grade 3 to 4 hemorrhage occurred in 5% of patients, including 3.8% with bleeding in the GI tract. Other adverse events such as hypertension, thrombosis, and bowel perforation were also observed at rates consistent with other studies.

CONCLUSION: For patients with advanced CRC that had progressed after both irinotecan-based and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimens, the combination of BV and FU/LV was associated with rare objective responses.

H.X.C. and M.M. contributed equally to this trial.

Supported by Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program of National Cancer Institute (NCI), under the Collaborative Research and Development Agreement between NCI and Genentech Inc.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and author contributions are found at the end of this article.

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