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Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 24, No 33 (November 20), 2006: pp. 5216-5222 © 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.07.1381 C-Reactive Protein Levels, Variation in the C-Reactive Protein Gene, and Cancer Risk: The Rotterdam Study
From the Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Internal Medicine, and Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Address reprint requests to Bruno H.Ch. Stricker, MB, PhD, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; e-mail: b.stricker{at}erasmusmc.nl Purpose: It remains unclear if inflammation itself may induce cancer, if inflammation is a result of tumor growth, or a combination of both exists. The aim of this study was to examine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and CRP gene variations were associated with an altered risk of colorectal, lung, breast, or prostate cancer.
Patients and Methods: A total of 7,017 participants age Results: High levels (> 3 mg/L) of CRP were associated with an increased risk of incident cancer (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7) compared with persons with low levels (< 1 mg/L), even after a potential latent period of 5 years was introduced. Although CRP seems to affect several cancer sites, the association was strongest for lung cancer (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.9). A CRP single nucleotide polymorphism associated with decreased CRP levels was associated with an increased lung cancer risk of 2.6 (95% CI, 1.6 to 4.4) in homozygous carriers. Conclusion: Baseline CRP levels seem to be a biomarker of chronic inflammation preceding lung cancer, even after subtracting a 5-year latent period. Furthermore, CRP gene variation associated with low CRP blood levels was relatively common in patients with lung cancer. Both chronic inflammation and impaired defense mechanisms resulting in chronic inflammation might explain these results. Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and author contributions are found at the end of this article. This article has been cited by other articles:
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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Online ISSN: 1527-7755. Print ISSN: 0732-183X
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