This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a colleague Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Save to my personal folders Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Yang, J. C. Articles by Childs, R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Yang, J. C. Articles by Childs, R.

Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Cancer

James C. Yang, Richard Childs

From the Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; and the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD

Address reprint requests to James C. Yang, National Cancer Institute, Room CCR/3-5952, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892; e-mail: jamesyang{at}mail.nih.gov

For eligible patients, the value of immunotherapy for metastatic clear-cell renal cancer is its curative potential, as demonstrated by long-term follow-up after interleukin-2. Advances in cellular therapies, manipulation of activating and inhibitory receptors on T cells and modification of allotransplantation regimens have all produced new tumor regressions in patients who did not respond to conventional interleukin-2 regimens. It is clear that renal cancer remains one of the most immunoresponsive of human malignancies and that advances in immune modulation are again translating into clinical responses for patients with this disease. As the array of biologic therapies for renal cancer expands with the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, the only modality that can cure widespread renal cancer, must not be overlooked.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and author contributions are found at the end of this article.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. S. Hinrichs, R. Spolski, C. M. Paulos, L. Gattinoni, K. W. Kerstann, D. C. Palmer, C. A. Klebanoff, S. A. Rosenberg, W. J. Leonard, and N. P. Restifo IL-2 and IL-21 confer opposing differentiation programs to CD8+ T cells for adoptive immunotherapy Blood, June 1, 2008; 111(11): 5326 - 5333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Wittnebel, S. Da Rocha, J. Giron-Michel, A. Jalil, P. Opolon, B. Escudier, P. Validire, K. Khawam, S. Chouaib, B. Azzarone, et al. Membrane-Bound Interleukin (IL)-15 on Renal Tumor Cells Rescues Natural Killer Cells from IL-2 Starvation-Induced Apoptosis Cancer Res., June 15, 2007; 67(12): 5594 - 5599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. F. Bajorin, R. J. Motzer, and G. J. Bosl Advances in Urologic Oncology: Results Progress From Successful Interdisciplinary Research J. Clin. Oncol., December 10, 2006; 24(35): 5479 - 5481. [Full Text] [PDF]