Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2006.10.3754 on May 21 2007

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Poor Outcome of Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer at Very Young Age Is Due to Tamoxifen Resistance: Nationwide Survival Data in Korea—A Report From the Korean Breast Cancer Society

Sei Hyun Ahn, Byung Ho Son, Seok Won Kim, Seung Il Kim, Joon Jeong, Seung-Sang Ko, Wonshik Han

From the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Medical Center; Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Department of Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; and the Center for Breast Cancer Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea

Address reprint requests to Wonshik Han, MD, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; e-mail: hanw{at}snu.ac.kr

Purpose Breast cancer in very young women (age < 35 years) is uncommon and poorly understood. We sought to evaluate the prognosis and treatment response of these patients compared with women ages 35 to 50 years.

Patients and Methods We analyzed data from 9,885 breast cancer patients age 50 years who were part of the Korean Breast Cancer Society registration program between 1992 and 2001. The overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were compared between age groups.

Results One thousand four hundred forty-four patients (14.6%) were younger than age 35 and 8,441 (85.4%) patients were between 35 and 50 years of age. Younger patients had significantly higher T-stage and higher lymph node positivity and lower hormone receptor expression than older patients. Younger patients had a greater probability of death than older patients, regardless of tumor size or lymph node status. The survival difference was significant for patients with positive or unknown hormone receptor status (P < .0001), but not for patients with negative hormone receptor status. In a multivariate analysis, the interaction term of young age and hormone receptor positivity was significant for OS and BCSS with a hazard ratio for OS of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.52 to 2.98). The significant survival benefit from adjuvant hormone therapy after chemotherapy observed in older patients (hazard ratio for OS, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.79; P = .001) could not be seen in younger patients (P > .05).

Conclusion Younger patients (age < 35) showed worse prognosis than older patients (age, 35 to 50 years) only in the hormone receptor–unknown or hormone receptor–positive subgroups. Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy might provide less survival benefit when added to chemotherapy in very young breast cancer patients.

published online ahead of print at www.jco.org on May 21, 2007.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and author contributions are found at the end of this article.

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