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Sentinel Node Biopsy: Interpretation and Management of Patients With Immunohistochemistry-Positive Sentinel Nodes and Those With Micrometastases

Emiel J.T. Rutgers

From the Department of Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Corresponding author: Emiel J.T. Rutgers, MD, PhD, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; e-mail: e.rutgers{at}nki.nl

The sentinel node procedure is an adequate tool to identify lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Sentinel nodes are generally examined with greater attention mainly to exclude, as reliably as possible, lymph node metastasis. To achieve this, many protocols are used, resulting in different rates of micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells encountered. Since the prognostic significance of isolated tumor cells or micrometastasis in the sentinel nodes, and the risk of further axillary lymph node involvement in patients with isolated tumor cells, is uncertain and at most limited, these findings may pose difficulties for clinicians in clinical decision making. Protocols that identify lymph node metastasis, from which the clinical relevance is known, are warranted. Unnecessary lymph node dissections should be avoided.

Author's disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and author contributions are found at the end of this article.

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