Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 8, 813-819, Copyright © 1990 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

ARTICLES

Report of the National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop on definitions of diagnosis and response in acute myeloid leukemia

BD Cheson, PA Cassileth, DR Head, CA Schiffer, JM Bennett, CD Bloomfield, R Brunning, RP Gale, MR Grever and MJ Keating
Clinical Investigations Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored a workshop to develop a set of standardized diagnostic and response criteria for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clinical trials. The French-American-British (FAB) classification was retained for diagnosing AML, with the addition of patients with bone marrow morphologic features of a myelodysplastic syndrome and less than 30% bone marrow blasts, but with greater than or equal to 30% blasts in the peripheral blood. In this report, there are four important subgroups of AML not defined in the FAB classification that are discussed: undifferentiated acute leukemia, MO (AML lacking definitive myeloid differentiation by morphology or conventional cytochemistry but with ultrastructural or immunophenotypic evidence for AML), mixed lineage leukemia, and hypocellular AML. Definitions of response for clinical trials are presented to facilitate comparisons among different studies. Complete remission is considered the only response worth reporting in phase III trials, since lesser responses do not improve survival. Partial remissions may be of interest to identify active new agents in phase I and II studies. Monoclonal antibodies and cytogenetic studies are not part of the routine assessment of remission or reassessment at relapse, and their role in the evaluation of patients with AML is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Although we recognize that some of the definitions in this report are arbitrary, generalized use of these guidelines will make results of clinical trials more comparable and interpretable.
CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Facebook    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. Kelaidi, S. Chevret, S. De Botton, E. Raffoux, A. Guerci, X. Thomas, A. Pigneux, T. Lamy, F. Rigal-Huguet, S. Meyer-Monard, et al. Improved Outcome of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With High WBC Counts Over the Last 15 Years: The European APL Group Experience J. Clin. Oncol., June 1, 2009; 27(16): 2668 - 2676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. van der Weide, S. D.P.W.M. de Jonge-Peeters, F. Kuipers, E. G.E. de Vries, and E. Vellenga Combining Simvastatin with the Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Tipifarnib Results in an Enhanced Cytotoxic Effect in a Subset of Primary CD34+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia Samples Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2009; 15(9): 3076 - 3083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Fey, M. Dreyling, and On behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group Acute myeloblastic leukemia in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up Ann. Onc., May 1, 2009; 20(suppl_4): iv100 - iv101. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. F. Schlenk, K. Dohner, M. Kneba, K. Gotze, F. Hartmann, F. del Valle, H. Kirchen, E. Koller, J. T. Fischer, L. Bullinger, et al. Gene mutations and response to treatment with all-trans retinoic acid in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Results from the AMLSG Trial AML HD98B Haematologica, January 1, 2009; 94(1): 54 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. H. Metzeler, M. Hummel, C. D. Bloomfield, K. Spiekermann, J. Braess, M.-C. Sauerland, A. Heinecke, M. Radmacher, G. Marcucci, S. P. Whitman, et al. An 86-probe-set gene-expression signature predicts survival in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia Blood, November 15, 2008; 112(10): 4193 - 4201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Baer, S. L. George, M. A. Caligiuri, B. L. Sanford, S. M. Bothun, K. Mrozek, J. E. Kolitz, B. L. Powell, J. O. Moore, R. M. Stone, et al. Low-Dose Interleukin-2 Immunotherapy Does Not Improve Outcome of Patients Age 60 Years and Older With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9720 J. Clin. Oncol., October 20, 2008; 26(30): 4934 - 4939. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Paschka, G. Marcucci, A. S. Ruppert, S. P. Whitman, K. Mrozek, K. Maharry, C. Langer, C. D. Baldus, W. Zhao, B. L. Powell, et al. Wilms' Tumor 1 Gene Mutations Independently Predict Poor Outcome in Adults With Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2008; 26(28): 4595 - 4602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. B. Klisovic, W. Blum, X. Wei, S. Liu, Z. Liu, Z. Xie, T. Vukosavljevic, C. Kefauver, L. Huynh, J. Pang, et al. Phase I Study of GTI-2040, an Antisense to Ribonucleotide Reductase, in Combination with High-Dose Cytarabine in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Clin. Cancer Res., June 15, 2008; 14(12): 3889 - 3895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Rizzieri, E. Feldman, J. F. DiPersio, N. Gabrail, W. Stock, R. Strair, V. M. Rivera, M. Albitar, C. L. Bedrosian, and F. J. Giles A Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Deforolimus (AP23573, MK-8669), a Novel Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2008; 14(9): 2756 - 2762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. C. Attar, D. J. DeAngelo, J. G. Supko, F. D'Amato, D. Zahrieh, A. Sirulnik, M. Wadleigh, K. K. Ballen, S. McAfee, K. B. Miller, et al. Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Bortezomib in Combination with Idarubicin and Cytarabine in Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2008; 14(5): 1446 - 1454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Wandt, U. Schakel, F. Kroschinsky, G. Prange-Krex, B. Mohr, C. Thiede, U. Pascheberg, S. Soucek, M. Schaich, and G. Ehninger MLD according to the WHO classification in AML has no correlation with age and no independent prognostic relevance as analyzed in 1766 patients Blood, February 15, 2008; 111(4): 1855 - 1861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. J.M. de Jonge, A. C. Weidenaar, A. ter Elst, H. M. Boezen, F. J.G. Scherpen, J. C.A. Bouma-ter Steege, G. J.L. Kaspers, B. F. Goemans, U. Creutzig, M. Zimmermann, et al. Endogenous Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Expression Is Associated with Decreased Drug Responsiveness in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2008; 14(3): 924 - 930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Ades, M. A. Sanz, S. Chevret, P. Montesinos, P. Chevallier, E. Raffoux, E. Vellenga, A. Guerci, A. Pigneux, F. Huguet, et al. Treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): a comparison of French-Belgian-Swiss and PETHEMA results Blood, February 1, 2008; 111(3): 1078 - 1084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Montesinos, I. Lorenzo, G. Martin, J. Sanz, M. L. Perez-Sirvent, D. Martinez, G. Orti, L. Algarra, J. Martinez, F. Moscardo, et al. Tumor lysis syndrome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: identification of risk factors and development of a predictive model Haematologica, January 1, 2008; 93(1): 67 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. DeAngelo, D. Yu, J. L. Johnson, S. E. Coutre, R. M. Stone, A. T. Stopeck, J. P. Gockerman, B. S. Mitchell, F. R. Appelbaum, and R. A. Larson Nelarabine induces complete remissions in adults with relapsed or refractory T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 19801 Blood, June 15, 2007; 109(12): 5136 - 5142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Wetzler, B. L. Sanford, J. Kurtzberg, D. DeOliveira, S. R. Frankel, B. L. Powell, J. E. Kolitz, C. D. Bloomfield, and R. A. Larson Effective asparagine depletion with pegylated asparaginase results in improved outcomes in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9511 Blood, May 15, 2007; 109(10): 4164 - 4167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Lehrnbecher, M. Zimmermann, D. Reinhardt, M. Dworzak, J. Stary, and U. Creutzig Prophylactic human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after induction therapy in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia Blood, February 1, 2007; 109(3): 936 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Ades, S. Chevret, E. Raffoux, S. de Botton, A. Guerci, A. Pigneux, A. M. Stoppa, T. Lamy, F. Rigal-Huguet, A. Vekhoff, et al. Is Cytarabine Useful in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia? Results of a Randomized Trial From the European Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Group J. Clin. Oncol., December 20, 2006; 24(36): 5703 - 5710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Knapper, A. K. Burnett, T. Littlewood, W. J. Kell, S. Agrawal, R. Chopra, R. Clark, M. J. Levis, and D. Small A phase 2 trial of the FLT3 inhibitor lestaurtinib (CEP701) as first-line treatment for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia not considered fit for intensive chemotherapy Blood, November 15, 2006; 108(10): 3262 - 3270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Creutzig, M. Zimmermann, T. Lehrnbecher, N. Graf, J. Hermann, C. M. Niemeyer, A. Reiter, J. Ritter, M. Dworzak, J. Stary, et al. Less Toxicity by Optimizing Chemotherapy, but Not by Addition of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Children and Adolescents With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of AML-BFM 98 J. Clin. Oncol., September 20, 2006; 24(27): 4499 - 4506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. W.L. Yee, Z. Zeng, M. Konopleva, S. Verstovsek, F. Ravandi, A. Ferrajoli, D. Thomas, W. Wierda, E. Apostolidou, M. Albitar, et al. Phase I/II Study of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Everolimus (RAD001) in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2006; 12(17): 5165 - 5173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Paschka, G. Marcucci, A. S. Ruppert, K. Mrozek, H. Chen, R. A. Kittles, T. Vukosavljevic, D. Perrotti, J. W. Vardiman, A. J. Carroll, et al. Adverse Prognostic Significance of KIT Mutations in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With inv(16) and t(8;21): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study J. Clin. Oncol., August 20, 2006; 24(24): 3904 - 3911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Langebrake, U. Creutzig, M. Dworzak, O. Hrusak, E. Mejstrikova, F. Griesinger, M. Zimmermann, and D. Reinhardt Residual Disease Monitoring in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry: The MRD-AML-BFM Study Group J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2006; 24(22): 3686 - 3692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. S. Wilson, G. S. Davidson, S. B. Martin, E. Andries, J. Potter, R. Harvey, K. Ar, Y. Xu, K. J. Kopecky, D. P. Ankerst, et al. Gene expression profiling of adult acute myeloid leukemia identifies novel biologic clusters for risk classification and outcome prediction Blood, July 15, 2006; 108(2): 685 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Farag, K. J. Archer, K. Mrozek, A. S. Ruppert, A. J. Carroll, J. W. Vardiman, M. J. Pettenati, M. R. Baer, M. B. Qumsiyeh, P. R. Koduru, et al. Pretreatment cytogenetics add to other prognostic factors predicting complete remission and long-term outcome in patients 60 years of age or older with acute myeloid leukemia: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 8461 Blood, July 1, 2006; 108(1): 63 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. D. Gore, S. Baylin, E. Sugar, H. Carraway, C. B. Miller, M. Carducci, M. Grever, O. Galm, T. Dauses, J. E. Karp, et al. Combined DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibition in the treatment of myeloid neoplasms. Cancer Res., June 15, 2006; 66(12): 6361 - 6369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Levine, A. Tulpule, D. I. Quinn, G. Gorospe III, D. L. Smith, L. Hornor, W. D. Boswell, B. M. Espina, S. G. Groshen, R. Masood, et al. Phase I Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Decrease in Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor With Potential Clinical Efficacy J. Clin. Oncol., April 10, 2006; 24(11): 1712 - 1719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-T. Krauth, S. Florian, A. Bohm, K. Sonneck, H. Agis, P. Samorapoompichit, A. W. Hauswirth, W. R. Sperr, and P. Valent Immunological Characterization and Antibacterial Function of Persisting Granulocytes in Leukemic Patients Receiving Pulse Cytosine Arabinoside-Consolidation Chemotherapy on Days 1, 3, and 5 J. Immunol., February 1, 2006; 176(3): 1759 - 1768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Oki, H. M. Kantarjian, X. Zhou, J. Cortes, S. Faderl, S. Verstovsek, S. O'Brien, C. Koller, M. Beran, B. N. Bekele, et al. Adult acute megakaryocytic leukemia: an analysis of 37 patients treated at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Blood, February 1, 2006; 107(3): 880 - 884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Marcucci, C. D. Baldus, A. S. Ruppert, M. D. Radmacher, K. Mrozek, S. P. Whitman, J. E. Kolitz, C. G. Edwards, J. W. Vardiman, B. L. Powell, et al. Overexpression of the ETS-Related Gene, ERG, Predicts a Worse Outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Normal Karyotype: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study J. Clin. Oncol., December 20, 2005; 23(36): 9234 - 9242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. E. Gale, R. Hills, A. R. Pizzey, P. D. Kottaridis, D. Swirsky, A. F. Gilkes, E. Nugent, K. I. Mills, K. Wheatley, E. Solomon, et al. Relationship between FLT3 mutation status, biologic characteristics, and response to targeted therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia Blood, December 1, 2005; 106(12): 3768 - 3776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. van der Holt, B. Lowenberg, A. K. Burnett, W. U. Knauf, J. Shepherd, P. P. Piccaluga, G. J. Ossenkoppele, G. E. G. Verhoef, A. Ferrant, M. Crump, et al. The value of the MDR1 reversal agent PSC-833 in addition to daunorubicin and cytarabine in the treatment of elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in relation to MDR1 status at diagnosis Blood, October 15, 2005; 106(8): 2646 - 2654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Marcucci, K. Mrozek, A. S. Ruppert, K. Maharry, J. E. Kolitz, J. O. Moore, R. J. Mayer, M. J. Pettenati, B. L. Powell, C. G. Edwards, et al. Prognostic Factors and Outcome of Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients With t(8;21) Differ From Those of Patients With inv(16): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study J. Clin. Oncol., August 20, 2005; 23(24): 5705 - 5717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-C. Chen, C.-F. Yang, M.-H. Yang, K.-D. Lee, W.-K. Kwang, J.-Y. You, Y.-B. Yu, C.-H. Ho, C.-H. Tzeng, W.-K. Chau, et al. Pretreatment prognostic factors and treatment outcome in elderly patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia Ann. Onc., August 1, 2005; 16(8): 1366 - 1373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Testi, A. Biondi, F. L. Coco, M. L. Moleti, F. Giona, M. Vignetti, G. Menna, F. Locatelli, A. Pession, E. Barisone, et al. GIMEMA-AIEOPAIDA protocol for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in children Blood, July 15, 2005; 106(2): 447 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. K. Kelly, O. A. O'Connor, L. M. Krug, J. H. Chiao, M. Heaney, T. Curley, B. MacGregore-Cortelli, W. Tong, J. P. Secrist, L. Schwartz, et al. Phase I Study of an Oral Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid, in Patients With Advanced Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., June 10, 2005; 23(17): 3923 - 3931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Marcucci, W. Stock, G. Dai, R. B. Klisovic, S. Liu, M. I. Klisovic, W. Blum, C. Kefauver, D. A. Sher, M. Green, et al. Phase I Study of Oblimersen Sodium, an Antisense to Bcl-2, in Untreated Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Activity J. Clin. Oncol., May 20, 2005; 23(15): 3404 - 3411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. O. Moore, S. L. George, R. K. Dodge, P. C. Amrein, B. L. Powell, J. E. Kolitz, M. R. Baer, F. R. Davey, C. D. Bloomfield, R. A. Larson, et al. Sequential multiagent chemotherapy is not superior to high-dose cytarabine alone as postremission intensification therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in adults under 60 years of age: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9222 Blood, May 1, 2005; 105(9): 3420 - 3427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Byrd, G. Marcucci, M. R. Parthun, J. J. Xiao, R. B. Klisovic, M. Moran, T. S. Lin, S. Liu, A. R. Sklenar, M. E. Davis, et al. A phase 1 and pharmacodynamic study of depsipeptide (FK228) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia Blood, February 1, 2005; 105(3): 959 - 967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Fiedler, H. Serve, H. Dohner, M. Schwittay, O. G. Ottmann, A.-M. O'Farrell, C. L. Bello, R. Allred, W. C. Manning, J. M. Cherrington, et al. A phase 1 study of SU11248 in the treatment of patients with refractory or resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or not amenable to conventional therapy for the disease Blood, February 1, 2005; 105(3): 986 - 993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Farag, A. S. Ruppert, K. Mrozek, R. J. Mayer, R. M. Stone, A. J. Carroll, B. L. Powell, J. O. Moore, M. J. Pettenati, P. R.K. Koduru, et al. Outcome of Induction and Postremission Therapy in Younger Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Normal Karyotype: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study J. Clin. Oncol., January 20, 2005; 23(3): 482 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Kolitz, S. L. George, R. K. Dodge, D. D. Hurd, B. L. Powell, S. L. Allen, E. Velez-Garcia, J. O. Moore, T. C. Shea, E. Hoke, et al. Dose Escalation Studies of Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, and Etoposide With and Without Multidrug Resistance Modulation With PSC-833 in Untreated Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Younger Than 60 Years: Final Induction Results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9621 J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2004; 22(21): 4290 - 4301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Creutzig, M. Zimmermann, D. Reinhardt, M. Dworzak, J. Stary, and T. Lehrnbecher Early Deaths and Treatment-Related Mortality in Children Undergoing Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Analysis of the Multicenter Clinical Trials AML-BFM 93 and AML-BFM 98 J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2004; 22(21): 4384 - 4393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Castaigne, S. Chevret, E. Archimbaud, P. Fenaux, D. Bordessoule, H. Tilly, T. de Revel, M. Simon, B. Dupriez, M. Renoux, et al. Randomized comparison of double induction and timed-sequential induction to a "3 + 7" induction in adults with AML: long-term analysis of the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA) 9000 study Blood, October 15, 2004; 104(8): 2467 - 2474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Creutzig and G.J.L. Kaspers Revised Recommendations of the International Working Group for Diagnosis, Standardization of Response Criteria, Treatment Outcomes, and Reporting Standards for Therapeutic Trials in Acute Myeloid Leukemia J. Clin. Oncol., August 15, 2004; 22(16): 3432 - 3433. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Nabhan, L. Rundhaugen, M. Jatoi, M. B. Riley, L. Boehlke, L. C. Peterson, and M. S. Tallman Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (MylotargTM) is infrequently associated with sinusoidal obstructive syndrome/veno-occlusive disease Ann. Onc., August 1, 2004; 15(8): 1231 - 1236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. H. Min, J.-W. Cheong, J. Y. Kim, J. I. Eom, S. T. Lee, J. S. Hahn, Y. W. Ko, and M. H. Lee Cytoplasmic Mislocalization of p27Kip1 Protein Is Associated with Constitutive Phosphorylation of Akt or Protein Kinase B and Poor Prognosis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cancer Res., August 1, 2004; 64(15): 5225 - 5231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. H. Min, J.-W. Cheong, M. H. Lee, J. Y. Kim, S. T. Lee, J. S. Hahn, and Y. W. Ko Elevated S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2 Protein Expression in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Its Association with Constitutive Phosphorylation of Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue Protein and Poor Prognosis Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2004; 10(15): 5123 - 5130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Marcucci, K. Mrozek, A. S. Ruppert, K. J. Archer, M. J. Pettenati, N. A. Heerema, A. J. Carroll, P. R.K. Koduru, J. E. Kolitz, L. J. Sterling, et al. Abnormal Cytogenetics at Date of Morphologic Complete Remission Predicts Short Overall and Disease-Free Survival, and Higher Relapse Rate in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results From Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 8461 J. Clin. Oncol., June 15, 2004; 22(12): 2410 - 2418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Karp, I. Gojo, R. Pili, C. D. Gocke, J. Greer, C. Guo, D. Qian, L. Morris, M. Tidwell, H. Chen, et al. Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Relapsed and Refractory Adult Acute Myelogenous Leukemias: Therapy with Sequential 1-{beta}-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine, Mitoxantrone, and Bevacizumab Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2004; 10(11): 3577 - 3585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Sekeres, B. Peterson, R. K. Dodge, R. J. Mayer, J. O. Moore, E. J. Lee, J. Kolitz, M. R. Baer, C. A. Schiffer, A. J. Carroll, et al. Differences in prognostic factors and outcomes in African Americans and whites with acute myeloid leukemia Blood, June 1, 2004; 103(11): 4036 - 4042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Byrd, A. S. Ruppert, K. Mrozek, A. J. Carroll, C. G. Edwards, D. C. Arthur, M. J. Pettenati, J. Stamberg, P. R.K. Koduru, J. O. Moore, et al. Repetitive Cycles of High-Dose Cytarabine Benefit Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22): Results from CALGB 8461 J. Clin. Oncol., March 15, 2004; 22(6): 1087 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Frohling, R. F. Schlenk, I. Stolze, J. Bihlmayr, A. Benner, S. Kreitmeier, K. Tobis, H. Dohner, and K. Dohner CEBPA Mutations in Younger Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Normal Cytogenetics: Prognostic Relevance and Analysis of Cooperating Mutations J. Clin. Oncol., February 15, 2004; 22(4): 624 - 633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Sanz, G. Martin, M. Gonzalez, A. Leon, C. Rayon, C. Rivas, D. Colomer, E. Amutio, F. J. Capote, G. A. Milone, et al. Risk-adapted treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans-retinoic acid and anthracycline monochemotherapy: a multicenter study by the PETHEMA group Blood, February 15, 2004; 103(4): 1237 - 1243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. D. Cheson, J. M. Bennett, K. J. Kopecky, T. Buchner, C. L. Willman, E. H. Estey, C. A. Schiffer, H. Doehner, M. S. Tallman, T. A. Lister, et al. Revised Recommendations of the International Working Group for Diagnosis, Standardization of Response Criteria, Treatment Outcomes, and Reporting Standards for Therapeutic Trials in Acute Myeloid Leukemia J. Clin. Oncol., December 15, 2003; 21(24): 4642 - 4649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. K. Tur, M. Huhn, T. Thepen, M. Stocker, R. Krohn, S. Vogel, E. Jost, R. Osieka, J. G. van de Winkel, R. Fischer, et al. Recombinant CD64-Specific Single Chain Immunotoxin Exhibits Specific Cytotoxicity against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Cancer Res., December 1, 2003; 63(23): 8414 - 8419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. H. Estey, P. F. Thall, X. Wang, S. Verstovsek, J. Cortes, and H. M. Kantarjian Effect of circulating blasts at time of complete remission on subsequent relapse-free survival time in newly diagnosed AML Blood, November 1, 2003; 102(9): 3097 - 3099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Fiedler, R. Mesters, H. Tinnefeld, S. Loges, P. Staib, U. Duhrsen, M. Flasshove, O. G. Ottmann, W. Jung, F. Cavalli, et al. A phase 2 clinical study of SU5416 in patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia Blood, October 15, 2003; 102(8): 2763 - 2767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Zwaan, S. Meshinchi, J. P. Radich, A. J. P. Veerman, D. R. Huismans, L. Munske, M. Podleschny, K. Hahlen, R. Pieters, M. Zimmermann, et al. FLT3 internal tandem duplication in 234 children with acute myeloid leukemia: prognostic significance and relation to cellular drug resistance Blood, October 1, 2003; 102(7): 2387 - 2394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. D. Baldus, S. M. Tanner, A. S. Ruppert, S. P. Whitman, K. J. Archer, G. Marcucci, M. A. Caligiuri, A. J. Carroll, J. W. Vardiman, B. L. Powell, et al. BAALC expression predicts clinical outcome of de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal cytogenetics: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study Blood, September 1, 2003; 102(5): 1613 - 1618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. F. Fey ESMO Minimum Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) in adult patients Ann. Onc., August 1, 2003; 14(8): 1161 - 1162. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Delaunay, N. Vey, T. Leblanc, P. Fenaux, F. Rigal-Huguet, F. Witz, T. Lamy, A. Auvrignon, D. Blaise, A. Pigneux, et al. Prognosis of inv(16)/t(16;16) acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a survey of 110 cases from the French AML Intergroup Blood, July 15, 2003; 102(2): 462 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Raffoux, P. Rousselot, J. Poupon, M.-T. Daniel, B. Cassinat, R. Delarue, A.-L. Taksin, D. Rea, A. Buzyn, A. Tibi, et al. Combined Treatment With Arsenic Trioxide and All-Trans-Retinoic Acid in Patients With Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia J. Clin. Oncol., June 15, 2003; 21(12): 2326 - 2334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. E. Smith, J. Bryant, A. DeCillis, and S. Anderson Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome After Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide Adjuvant Therapy for Operable Breast Cancer: The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Experience J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2003; 21(7): 1195 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S. Stein, M. R. O'Donnell, M. L. Slovak, D. S. Snyder, A. P. Nademanee, P. Parker, A. Molina, G. Somlo, H. C. Fung, A. Krishnan, et al. Interleukin-2 After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Adult Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission J. Clin. Oncol., February 15, 2003; 21(4): 615 - 623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Rizzieri, V. K. Ibom, J. O. Moore, C. M. DeCastro, G. L. Rosner, D. J. Adams, T. Foster, N. Payne, M. Thompson, J. J. Vredenburgh, et al. Phase I Evaluation of Prolonged-infusion Gemcitabine with Fludarabine for Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2003; 9(2): 663 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Haferlach, C. Schoch, H. Loffler, W. Gassmann, W. Kern, S. Schnittger, C. Fonatsch, W.-D. Ludwig, C. Wuchter, B. Schlegelberger, et al. Morphologic Dysplasia in De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Is Related to Unfavorable Cytogenetics but Has No Independent Prognostic Relevance Under the Conditions of Intensive Induction Therapy: Results of a Multiparameter Analysis From the German AML Cooperative Group Studies J. Clin. Oncol., January 15, 2003; 21(2): 256 - 265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Marcucci, J. C. Byrd, G. Dai, M. I. Klisovic, P. J. Kourlas, D. C. Young, S. R. Cataland, D. B. Fisher, D. Lucas, K. K. Chan, et al. Phase 1 and pharmacodynamic studies of G3139, a Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide, in combination with chemotherapy in refractory or relapsed acute leukemia Blood, January 15, 2003; 101(2): 425 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Tallman, J. W. Andersen, C. A. Schiffer, F. R. Appelbaum, J. H. Feusner, W. G. Woods, A. Ogden, H. Weinstein, L. Shepherd, C. Willman, et al. All-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia: long-term outcome and prognostic factor analysis from the North American Intergroup protocol Blood, December 15, 2002; 100(13): 4298 - 4302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Byrd, K. Mrozek, R. K. Dodge, A. J. Carroll, C. G. Edwards, D. C. Arthur, M. J. Pettenati, S. R. Patil, K. W. Rao, M. S. Watson, et al. Pretreatment cytogenetic abnormalities are predictive of induction success, cumulative incidence of relapse, and overall survival in adult patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 8461) Blood, December 15, 2002; 100(13): 4325 - 4336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Frohling, R. F. Schlenk, J. Breitruck, A. Benner, S. Kreitmeier, K. Tobis, H. Dohner, and K. Dohner Prognostic significance of activating FLT3 mutations in younger adults (16 to 60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: a study of the AML Study Group Ulm Blood, December 15, 2002; 100(13): 4372 - 4380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Stone The Difficult Problem of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Older Adult CA Cancer J Clin, November 1, 2002; 52(6): 363 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Voso, F. D'Alo', R. Putzulu, L. Mele, A. Scardocci, P. Chiusolo, R. Latagliata, F. Lo-Coco, S. Rutella, L. Pagano, et al. Negative prognostic value of glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) deletions in adult acute myeloid leukemia Blood, September 26, 2002; 100(8): 2703 - 2707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Preudhomme, C. Sagot, N. Boissel, J.-M. Cayuela, I. Tigaud, S. de Botton, X. Thomas, E. Raffoux, C. Lamandin, S. Castaigne, et al. Favorable prognostic significance of CEBPA mutations in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA) Blood, September 26, 2002; 100(8): 2717 - 2723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. G. Ottmann, B. J. Druker, C. L. Sawyers, J. M. Goldman, J. Reiffers, R. T. Silver, S. Tura, T. Fischer, M. W. Deininger, C. A. Schiffer, et al. A phase 2 study of imatinib in patients with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoid leukemias Blood, August 28, 2002; 100(6): 1965 - 1971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Dohner, K. Tobis, R. Ulrich, S. Frohling, A. Benner, R. F. Schlenk, and H. Dohner Prognostic Significance of Partial Tandem Duplications of the MLL Gene in Adult Patients 16 to 60 Years Old With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Normal Cytogenetics: A Study of the Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group Ulm J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2002; 20(15): 3254 - 3261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Baer, S. L. George, R. K. Dodge, K. L. O'Loughlin, H. Minderman, M. A. Caligiuri, J. Anastasi, B. L. Powell, J. E. Kolitz, C. A. Schiffer, et al. Phase 3 study of the multidrug resistance modulator PSC-833 in previously untreated patients 60 years of age and older with acute myeloid leukemia: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9720 Blood, July 30, 2002; 100(4): 1224 - 1232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. H. Cragg, M. Andreeff, E. Feldman, J. Roberts, A. Murgo, M. Winning, M. B. Tombes, G. Roboz, L. Kramer, and S. Grant Phase I Trial and Correlative Laboratory Studies of Bryostatin 1 (NSC 339555) and High-Dose 1-B-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine in Patients with Refractory Acute Leukemia Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2002; 8(7): 2123 - 2133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Nguyen, T. Leblanc, P. Fenaux, F. Witz, D. Blaise, A. Pigneux, X. Thomas, F. Rigal-Huguet, B. Lioure, A. Auvrignon, et al. A white blood cell index as the main prognostic factor in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a survey of 161 cases from the French AML Intergroup Blood, May 15, 2002; 99(10): 3517 - 3523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Castro-Malaspina, R. E. Harris, J. Gajewski, N. Ramsay, R. Collins, B. Dharan, R. King, and H. J. Deeg Unrelated donor marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes: outcome analysis in 510 transplants facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program Blood, March 15, 2002; 99(6): 1943 - 1951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Rizzieri, A. J. Bass, G. L. Rosner, J. P. Gockerman, C. M. DeCastro, W. P. Petros, D. J. Adams, M. J. Laughlin, P. Davis, T. Foster, et al. Phase I Evaluation of Prolonged-Infusion Gemcitabine With Mitoxantrone for Relapsed or Refractory Acute Leukemia J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2002; 20(3): 674 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B. Steins, T. Padro, R. Bieker, S. Ruiz, M. Kropff, J. Kienast, T. Kessler, T. Buechner, W. E. Berdel, and R. M. Mesters Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with acute myeloid leukemia Blood, February 1, 2002; 99(3): 834 - 839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Benekli, Z. Xia, K. A. Donohue, L. A. Ford, L. A. Pixley, M. R. Baer, H. Baumann, and M. Wetzler Constitutive activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein in acute myeloid leukemia blasts is associated with short disease-free survival Blood, January 1, 2002; 99(1): 252 - 257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. F. List, K. J. Kopecky, C. L. Willman, D. R. Head, D. L. Persons, M. L. Slovak, R. Dorr, C. Karanes, H. E. Hynes, J. H. Doroshow, et al. Benefit of cyclosporine modulation of drug resistance in patients with poor-risk acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group study Blood, December 1, 2001; 98(12): 3212 - 3220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Jurcic, S. D. Nimer, D. A. Scheinberg, T. DeBlasio, R. P. Warrell Jr, and W. H. Miller Jr Prognostic significance of minimal residual disease detection and PML/RAR-alpha isoform type: long-term follow-up in acute promyelocytic leukemia Blood, November 1, 2001; 98(9): 2651 - 2656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Specchia, F. Lo Coco, M. Vignetti, G. Avvisati, P. Fazi, F. Albano, F. Di Raimondo, B. Martino, F. Ferrara, C. Selleri, et al. Extramedullary Involvement at Relapse in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Patients Treated or Not With All-Trans Retinoic Acid: A Report by the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto J. Clin. Oncol., October 15, 2001; 19(20): 4023 - 4028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. F. San Miguel, M. B. Vidriales, C. Lopez-Berges, J. Diaz-Mediavilla, N. Gutierrez, C. Canizo, F. Ramos, M. J. Calmuntia, J. J. Perez, M. Gonzalez, et al. Early immunophenotypical evaluation of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia identifies different patient risk groups and may contribute to postinduction treatment stratification Blood, September 15, 2001; 98(6): 1746 - 1751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. D. Kottaridis, R. E. Gale, M. E. Frew, G. Harrison, S. E. Langabeer, A. A. Belton, H. Walker, K. Wheatley, D. T. Bowen, A. K. Burnett, et al. The presence of a FLT3 internal tandem duplication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) adds important prognostic information to cytogenetic risk group and response to the first cycle of chemotherapy: analysis of 854 patients from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML 10 and 12 trials Blood, September 15, 2001; 98(6): 1752 - 1759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. Goldstone, A. K. Burnett, K. Wheatley, A. G. Smith, R. M. Hutchinson, and R. E. Clark Attempts to improve treatment outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients: the results of the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML11 trial Blood, September 1, 2001; 98(5): 1302 - 1311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Grimwade, H. Walker, G. Harrison, F. Oliver, S. Chatters, C. J. Harrison, K. Wheatley, A. K. Burnett, and A. H. Goldstone The predictive value of hierarchical cytogenetic classification in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML): analysis of 1065 patients entered into the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML11 trial Blood, September 1, 2001; 98(5): 1312 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Stone, D. T. Berg, S. L. George, R. K. Dodge, P. A. Paciucci, P. P. Schulman, E. J. Lee, J. O. Moore, B. L. Powell, M. R. Baer, et al. Postremission therapy in older patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone and intermediate-dose cytarabine with standard-dose cytarabine Blood, August 1, 2001; 98(3): 548 - 553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Mesters, T. Padro, R. Bieker, M. Steins, M. Kreuter, M. Goner, S. Kelsey, P. Scigalla, W. Fiedler, T. Buchner, et al. Stable remission after administration of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5416 in a patient with refractory acute myeloid leukemia Blood, July 1, 2001; 98(1): 241 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. F. Bross, J. Beitz, G. Chen, X. H. Chen, E. Duffy, L. Kieffer, S. Roy, R. Sridhara, A. Rahman, G. Williams, et al. Approval Summary: Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2001; 7(6): 1490 - 1496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Karp, J. E. Lancet, S. H. Kaufmann, D. W. End, J. J. Wright, K. Bol, I. Horak, M. L. Tidwell, J. Liesveld, T. J. Kottke, et al. Clinical and biologic activity of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in adults with refractory and relapsed acute leukemias: a phase 1 clinical-laboratory correlative trial Blood, June 1, 2001; 97(11): 3361 - 3369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Baer, C. C. Stewart, R. K. Dodge, G. Leget, N. Sule, K. Mrozek, C. A. Schiffer, B. L. Powell, J. E. Kolitz, J. O. Moore, et al. High frequency of immunophenotype changes in acute myeloid leukemia at relapse: implications for residual disease detection (Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 8361) Blood, June 1, 2001; 97(11): 3574 - 3580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Creutzig, J. Ritter, M. Zimmermann, D. Reinhardt, J. Hermann, F. Berthold, G. Henze, H. Jurgens, H. Kabisch, W. Havers, et al. Improved Treatment Results in High-Risk Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients After Intensification With High-Dose Cytarabine and Mitoxantrone: Results of Study Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster 93 J. Clin. Oncol., May 15, 2001; 19(10): 2705 - 2713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. J. Rush, Z. Dai, D. J. Smiraglia, X. Gao, F. A. Wright, M. Fruhwald, J. F. Costello, W. A. Held, L. Yu, R. Krahe, et al. Novel methylation targets in de novo acute myeloid leukemia with prevalence of chromosome 11 loci Blood, May 15, 2001; 97(10): 3226 - 3233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Dorr, C. Karanes, C. Spier, T. Grogan, J. Greer, J. Moore, B. Weinberger, G. Schiller, T. Pearce, M. Litchman, et al. Phase I/II Study of the P-Glycoprotein Modulator PSC 833 in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia J. Clin. Oncol., March 15, 2001; 19(6): 1589 - 1599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Strauchen, M. S. Tallman, and J. M. Bennett Criteria for the diagnosis of acute megakaryocytic leukemia Blood, March 15, 2001; 97(6): 1898 - 1898. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Davies, L. L. Robison, J. D. Buckley, T. Tjoa, W. G. Woods, G. A. Radloff, J. A. Ross, and J. P. Perentesis Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms and Outcome of Chemotherapy in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2001; 19(5): 1279 - 1287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]