Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 8, 1483-1496, Copyright © 1990 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Two months of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide with and without interval reinduction therapy compared with 6 months of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in positive-node breast cancer patients with tamoxifen-nonresponsive tumors: results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-15
B Fisher, AM Brown, NV Dimitrov, R Poisson, C Redmond, RG Margolese, D Bowman, N Wolmark, DL Wickerham and CG Kardinal
National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Headquarters, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) implemented
protocol B-15 to compare 2 months of Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria
Laboratories, Columbus, OH) and cyclophosphamide (AC) with 6 months of
conventional cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) in
patients with breast cancer nonresponsive to tamoxifen (TAM, T). A second
aim was to determine whether AC followed in 6 months by intravenous (IV)
CMF was more effective than AC without reinduction therapy. Through 3 years
of follow-up, findings from 2,194 patients indicate no significant
difference in disease-free survival (DFS, P = .5), distant disease-free
survival (DDFS, P = .5) or survival (S, P = .8) among the three groups.
Since the outcome from AC and CMF was almost identical, the issue arises
concerning which regimen is more appropriate for the treatment of breast
cancer patients. AC seems preferable since, following total mastectomy, AC
was completed on day 63 versus day 154 for conventional CMF; patients
visited health professionals three times as often for conventional CMF as
for AC; women on AC received therapy on each of 4 days versus on each of 84
days for conventional CMF; and nausea-control medication was given for
about 84 days to conventional CMF patients versus for about 12 days to
patients on AC. The difference in the amount of alopecia between the two
treatment groups was less than anticipated. While alopecia was almost
universally observed following AC therapy, 71% of the CMF patients also had
hair loss and, in 41%, the loss was greater than 50%. This study and NSABP
B-16, which evaluates the worth of AC therapy in TAM-responsive patients,
indicate the merit of 2 months of AC therapy for all positive-node breast
cancer patients.

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