JCO Early Release, published online ahead of print Sep 6 2005
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.0818
Received March 30, 2005
Accepted July 6, 2005
Gene Expression Profiles in Paraffin-Embedded Core Biopsy Tissue Predict Response to Chemotherapy in Women With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Luca Gianni *, Milvia Zambetti , Kim Clark , Joffre Baker , Maureen Cronin , Jenny Wu , Gabriella Mariani , Jaime Rodriguez , Marialuisa Carcangiu , Drew Watson , Pinuccia Valagussa , Roman Rouzier , W. Fraser Symmans , Jeffrey S. Ross , Gabriel N. Hortobagyi , Lajos Pusztai , and Steven Shak
From the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX: Genomic Health Inc, Redwood City, CA; and Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gianni{at}istitutotumori.mi.it
Purpose: We sought to identify gene expression markers that predict the likelihood of chemotherapy response. We also tested whether chemotherapy response is correlated with the 21 gene Recurrence Score assay that quantifies recurrence risk.
Methods: Patients with locally advanced breast cancer received neoadjuvant paclitaxel and doxorubicin. RNA was extracted from the pretreatment formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core biopsies. The expression of 384 genes was quantified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and correlated with pathologic complete response (pCR). The performance of genes predicting for pCR was tested in patients from an independent neoadjuvant study where gene expression was obtained using DNA microarrays.
Results: Of 89 assessable patients (mean age, 49.9 years; mean tumor size, 6.4 cm), 11 (12%) had a pCR. Eighty-six genes correlated with pCR (unadjusted P < .05); pCR was more likely with higher expression of proliferation-related genes and immune-related genes, and with lower expression of estrogen receptor (ER) -related genes. In 82 independent patients treated with neoadjuvant paclitaxel and doxorubicin, DNA microarray data were available for 79 of the 86 genes. In univariate analysis, 24 genes correlated with pCR with P < .05 (false discovery, four genes) and a 32 genes showed correlation with P < .1 (false discovery, eight genes). The Recurrence Score was positively associated with the likelihood of pCR (P = .005), suggesting that the patients who are at greatest recurrence risk are more likely to have chemotherapy benefit.
Conclusion: Quantitative expression of ER-related genes, proliferation genes, and immune-related genes are strong predictors of pCR in women with locally advanced breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant anthracyclines and paclitaxel.

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Facebook Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Cianfrocca and W. Gradishar
New Molecular Classifications of Breast Cancer
CA Cancer J Clin,
September 1, 2009;
59(5):
303 - 313.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Correa Geyer and J. S. Reis-Filho
Microarray-based Gene Expression Profiling as a Clinical Tool for Breast Cancer Management: Are We There Yet?
International Journal of Surgical Pathology,
August 1, 2009;
17(4):
285 - 302.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. M. Guinebretiere
Cancer Is Heterogeneous
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 1, 2009;
27(16):
2732 - 2732.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Sparano, S. Moulder, A. Kazi, D. Coppola, A. Negassa, L. Vahdat, T. Li, C. Pellegrino, S. Fineberg, P. Munster, et al.
Phase II Trial of Tipifarnib plus Neoadjuvant Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide in Patients with Clinical Stage IIB-IIIC Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 15, 2009;
15(8):
2942 - 2948.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Mustacchi, M. Mansutti, C. Sacco, S. Barni, A. Farris, M. Cazzaniga, M. Cozzi, and C. Dellach
Neo-adjuvant exemestane in elderly patients with breast cancer: a phase II, multicentre, open-label, Italian study
Ann. Onc.,
April 1, 2009;
20(4):
655 - 659.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Baselga, M. Zambetti, A. Llombart-Cussac, G. Manikhas, E. Kubista, G. G. Steger, A. Makhson, S. Tjulandin, H. Ludwig, M. Verrill, et al.
Phase II Genomics Study of Ixabepilone as Neoadjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 1, 2009;
27(4):
526 - 534.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Bergh
Quo Vadis With Targeted Drugs in the 21st Century?
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 1, 2009;
27(1):
2 - 5.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. M. Sturgeon, M. J. Duffy, U.-H. Stenman, H. Lilja, N. Brunner, D. W. Chan, R. Babaian, R. C. Bast Jr., B. Dowell, F. J. Esteva, et al.
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Testicular, Prostate, Colorectal, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers
Clin. Chem.,
December 1, 2008;
54(12):
e11 - e79.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Somlo, P. Chu, P. Frankel, W. Ye, S. Groshen, J. H. Doroshow, K. Danenberg, and P. Danenberg
Molecular profiling including epidermal growth factor receptor and p21 expression in high-risk breast cancer patients as indicators of outcome
Ann. Onc.,
November 1, 2008;
19(11):
1853 - 1859.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Andre, K. Broglio, H. Roche, M. Martin, J. R. Mackey, F. Penault-Llorca, G. N. Hortobagyi, and L. Pusztai
Estrogen Receptor Expression and Efficacy of Docetaxel-Containing Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Results From a Pooled Analysis
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 1, 2008;
26(16):
2636 - 2643.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Fiegl, A. Jones, C. Hauser-Kronberger, G. Hutarew, R. Reitsamer, R. L. Jones, M. Dowsett, E. Mueller-Holzner, G. Windbichler, G. Daxenbichler, et al.
Methylated NEUROD1 Promoter is a Marker for Chemosensitivity in Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
June 1, 2008;
14(11):
3494 - 3502.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. N. Harris, D. F. Hayes, and R. C. Bast
In Reply
J. Clin. Oncol.,
April 20, 2008;
26(12):
2060 - 2061.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Puhalla, E. Mrozek, D. Young, S. Ottman, A. McVey, K. Kendra, N. J. Merriman, M. Knapp, T. Patel, M. E. Thompson, et al.
Randomized Phase II Adjuvant Trial of Dose-Dense Docetaxel Before or After Doxorubicin Plus Cyclophosphamide in Axillary Node-Positive Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
April 1, 2008;
26(10):
1691 - 1697.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Pusztai
Current Status of Prognostic Profiling in Breast Cancer
Oncologist,
April 1, 2008;
13(4):
350 - 360.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Marchionni, R. F. Wilson, A. C. Wolff, S. Marinopoulos, G. Parmigiani, E. B. Bass, and S. N. Goodman
Systematic Review: Gene Expression Profiling Assays in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Ann Intern Med,
March 4, 2008;
148(5):
358 - 369.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Sparano and S. Paik
Development of the 21-Gene Assay and Its Application in Clinical Practice and Clinical Trials
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 10, 2008;
26(5):
721 - 728.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Rastogi, S. J. Anderson, H. D. Bear, C. E. Geyer, M. S. Kahlenberg, A. Robidoux, R. G. Margolese, J. L. Hoehn, V. G. Vogel, S. R. Dakhil, et al.
Preoperative Chemotherapy: Updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocols B-18 and B-27
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 10, 2008;
26(5):
778 - 785.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. C. Wolff, D. Berry, L. A. Carey, M. Colleoni, M. Dowsett, M. Ellis, J. E. Garber, D. Mankoff, S. Paik, L. Pusztai, et al.
Research Issues Affecting Preoperative Systemic Therapy for Operable Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 10, 2008;
26(5):
806 - 813.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Bonadonna, P. Valagussa, and U. Veronesi
Lessons From the Initial Adjuvant Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil Studies in Operable Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 20, 2008;
26(3):
342 - 344.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. F. Hayes
Markers for Predicting and Evaluating Response to Therapy for Breast Cancer
ASCO Educational Book,
January 1, 2008;
2008(1):
30 - 34.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Kaufmann, G. von Minckwitz, H. D. Bear, A. Buzdar, P. McGale, H. Bonnefoi, M. Colleoni, C. Denkert, W. Eiermann, R. Jackesz, et al.
Recommendations from an international expert panel on the use of neoadjuvant (primary) systemic treatment of operable breast cancer: new perspectives 2006
Ann. Onc.,
December 1, 2007;
18(12):
1927 - 1934.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Harris, H. Fritsche, R. Mennel, L. Norton, P. Ravdin, S. Taube, M. R. Somerfield, D. F. Hayes, and R. C. Bast Jr
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 Update of Recommendations for the Use of Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
November 20, 2007;
25(33):
5287 - 5312.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. D. Minna, L. Girard, and Y. Xie
Tumor mRNA Expression Profiles Predict Responses to Chemotherapy
J. Clin. Oncol.,
October 1, 2007;
25(28):
4329 - 4336.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Lonning, S Knappskog, V Staalesen, R Chrisanthar, and J. Lillehaug
Breast cancer prognostication and prediction in the postgenomic era
Ann. Onc.,
August 1, 2007;
18(8):
1293 - 1306.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. B. Als, L. Dyrskjot, H. von der Maase, K. Koed, F. Mansilla, H. E. Toldbod, J. L. Jensen, B. P. Ulhoi, L. Sengelov, K. M.E. Jensen, et al.
Emmprin and Survivin Predict Response and Survival following Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Bladder Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
August 1, 2007;
13(15):
4407 - 4414.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Peintinger, K. Anderson, C. Mazouni, H. M. Kuerer, C. Hatzis, F. Lin, G. N. Hortobagyi, W. F. Symmans, and L. Pusztai
Thirty-Gene Pharmacogenomic Test Correlates with Residual Cancer Burden after Preoperative Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
July 15, 2007;
13(14):
4078 - 4082.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Mazouni, F. Peintinger, S. Wan-Kau, F. Andre, A. M. Gonzalez-Angulo, W. F. Symmans, F. Meric-Bernstam, V. Valero, G. N. Hortobagyi, and L. Pusztai
Residual Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Patients With Complete Eradication of Invasive Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Does Not Adversely Affect Patient Outcome
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 1, 2007;
25(19):
2650 - 2655.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Paik
Development and Clinical Utility of a 21-Gene Recurrence Score Prognostic Assay in Patients with Early Breast Cancer Treated with Tamoxifen
Oncologist,
June 1, 2007;
12(6):
631 - 635.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C Mazouni, S-W Kau, D Frye, F Andre, H. Kuerer, T. Buchholz, W. Symmans, K Anderson, K. Hess, A. Gonzalez-Angulo, et al.
Inclusion of taxanes, particularly weekly paclitaxel, in preoperative chemotherapy improves pathologic complete response rate in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers
Ann. Onc.,
May 1, 2007;
18(5):
874 - 880.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. A. Carey, E. C. Dees, L. Sawyer, L. Gatti, D. T. Moore, F. Collichio, D. W. Ollila, C. I. Sartor, M. L. Graham, and C. M. Perou
The Triple Negative Paradox: Primary Tumor Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Subtypes
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 15, 2007;
13(8):
2329 - 2334.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Sorlie, C. M. Perou, C. Fan, S. Geisler, T. Aas, A. Nobel, G. Anker, L. A. Akslen, D. Botstein, A.-L. Borresen-Dale, et al.
Gene expression profiles do not consistently predict the clinical treatment response in locally advanced breast cancer.
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
November 1, 2006;
5(11):
2914 - 2918.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. R. Hess, K. Anderson, W. F. Symmans, V. Valero, N. Ibrahim, J. A. Mejia, D. Booser, R. L. Theriault, A. U. Buzdar, P. J. Dempsey, et al.
Pharmacogenomic Predictor of Sensitivity to Preoperative Chemotherapy With Paclitaxel and Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide in Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
September 10, 2006;
24(26):
4236 - 4244.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Paik, G. Tang, S. Shak, C. Kim, J. Baker, W. Kim, M. Cronin, F. L. Baehner, D. Watson, J. Bryant, et al.
Gene Expression and Benefit of Chemotherapy in Women With Node-Negative, Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
August 10, 2006;
24(23):
3726 - 3734.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Kim, M. Emi, K. Tanabe, and K. Arihiro
Tumor-Driven Evolution of Immunosuppressive Networks during Malignant Progression
Cancer Res.,
June 1, 2006;
66(11):
5527 - 5536.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. A. Berry, C. Cirrincione, I. C. Henderson, M. L. Citron, D. R. Budman, L. J. Goldstein, S. Martino, E. A. Perez, H. B. Muss, L. Norton, et al.
Estrogen-Receptor Status and Outcomes of Modern Chemotherapy for Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer
JAMA,
April 12, 2006;
295(14):
1658 - 1667.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. T. Hennessy, G. N. Hortobagyi, R. Rouzier, H. Kuerer, N. Sneige, A. U. Buzdar, S. W. Kau, B. Fornage, A. Sahin, K. Broglio, et al.
Outcome After Pathologic Complete Eradication of Cytologically Proven Breast Cancer Axillary Node Metastases Following Primary Chemotherapy
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 20, 2005;
23(36):
9304 - 9311.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. U. Lin, R. Gelman, and E. P. Winer
Dose Density in Breast Cancer: A Simple Message?
J Natl Cancer Inst,
December 7, 2005;
97(23):
1712 - 1714.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Workman and P. G. Johnston
Genomic Profiling of Cancer: What Next?
J. Clin. Oncol.,
October 10, 2005;
23(29):
7253 - 7256.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|