JCO Early Release, published online ahead of print Nov 2 2009
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.0317
Received May 8, 2009
Accepted September 11, 2009
MicroRNAs in Cancer: Small Molecules With a Huge Impact
Marilena V. Iorio and Carlo M. Croce
From the Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: carlo.croce{at}osumc.edu
Every cellular process is likely to be regulated by microRNAs, and an aberrant microRNA expression signature is a hallmark of several diseases, including cancer. MicroRNA expression profiling has indeed provided evidence of the association of these tiny molecules with tumor development and progression. An increasing number of studies have then demonstrated that microRNAs can function as potential oncogenes or oncosuppressor genes, depending on the cellular context and on the target genes they regulate. Here we review our current knowledge about the involvement of microRNAs in cancer and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools.
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